Automatic Room Light Controller with Didirectional Visitor Counter

CHAPTER - 1 working class Overview 1. Introduction Of Project 1. 1 Project Definition Project title is AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT restraint WITH BIDIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER . The objective of this wander is to make a trainler based voguel to count event of somebodys visiting special(a) room and accordingly vindicated up the room. Here we can subroutine sensor and can know present number of persons. In straightaways world, there is a continuous need for automatic appliances with the annex in standard of living, there is a sense of urgency for maturation racing tours that would ease the complexity of life.Also if at either angiotensin-converting enzyme wants to know the number of people present in room so as non to have congestion. This circumference proves to be helpful. 1. 2 Project Overview This Project impulsive Room Light Controller with Visitor Counter employ Micro experienceler is a reliable enlistment that takes over the task of controlling the room coruscati ons as well us counting number of persons/ visitants in the room actually accurately. When somebody enters into the room and then the counter is incremented by one and the light in the room go forth be switched ON and when any one leaves the room then the counter is decremented by one.The light forget be only switched OFF until all the persons in the room go out. The bring number of persons inside the room is also displayed on the seven piece displays. The microcontroller does the above job. It receives the sign of the zodiacs from the sensors, and this signal is operated under the control of softw ar which is stored in ROM. Microcontroller AT89S52 endlessly monitor the Infr bed Receivers, When any object pass through the IR Receivers then the IR Rays falling on the receiver are stymie , this obstruction is sensed by the Microcontroller CHAPTER - 2 BLOCK DIAGRAM AND ITS translation 2. 1Basic stave off DiagramEnter exhale put across Driver A T 8 9 S 5 2 Signal Condition ing Exit Sensor Enter Sensor Light Signal Conditioning force out issue Fig. 2. 1 Basic lay off Diagram 2. 2 Block Diagram commentary The basic block diagram of the bidirectional visitor counter with automatic light controller is shown in the above figure. principally this block diagram consist of the following essential blocks. 1. Power Supply 2. Entry and Exit sensor circuit 3. AT 89S52 micro-controller 4. Relay driver circuit 1. Power Supply- Here we utilise +12V and +5V dc berth supply. The main function of this block is to provide the required amount of emf to essential circuits. 12 emf is given. +12V is given to communicate race driver. To pull out the +5V dc smash supply we have used here IC 7805, which provides the +5V dc regulated power supply. 2. Enter and Exit perimeters- This is one of the main smash of our project. The main intention of this block is to sense the person. For sensing the person and light we are utilise the light dependent register (LDR). By using this sensor and its related circuit diagram we can count the persons. 3. 89S52 Microcontroller- It is a low-power, gritty performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8KB of Flash Programmable and Erasable Read Only fund (PEROM).The thingmajig is manu accompanimentured using Atmels high-density nonvolatile reminiscence engine room and is compatible with the MCS-51TM instruction great deal and pegleg out. The on-chip Flash allows the program entrepot to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile remembrance programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic hip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful Microcontroller, which provides a highly elastic and cost effective solution so many embedded control applications. 4. Relay Driver Circuit- This block has the potential to drive the different controlled contrivances.In this block mainly we are using the transistor and the electrical electrical pass ons. One relay driver circuit we a re using to control the light. end product signal from AT89S52 is given to the base of the transistor, which we are further energizing the particular relay. Because of this book device is selected and it do its allotted function. CHAPTER - 3 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM infection Circuit- Fig. 3. 1 Transmitter circuit Receiver Circuit- Fig. 3. 2 Receiver circuit * CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION thither are devil main parts of the circuits. 1. Transmission Circuits ( infrared frequency LEDs) 2. Receiver Circuit (Sensors) . Transmission Circuit Fig. 3. 3 Transmitter circuit This circuit diagram shows how a 555 snipkeeper IC is configured to function as a basic monostable multivibrator. A monostable multivibrator is a timing circuit that changes state once triggered, except re work outs to its maestro state after a certain clock delay. It got its name from the fact that only one of its exploitout states is stable. It is also known as a one-shot. In this circuit, a negative pulse applied at pin 2 triggers an essential change over that turns off pin 7s dis committee transistor, allowing C1 to charge up through R1.At the same fourth dimension, the flip-flop brings the output (pin 3) level to high. When electrical condenser C1 as charged up to about 2/3 Vcc, the flip-flop is triggered once again, this time making the pin 3 output low and routine on pin 7s discharge transistor, which discharges C1 to g flesh out. This circuit, in effect, produces a pulse at pin 3 whose width t is just the product of R1 and C1, i. e. , t=R1C1. IR Transmission circuit is used to generate the modulated 36 kilo pass IR signal. The IC555 in the transmitter side is to generate 36 kHz square wave. Adjust the preset in the transmitter to get a 38 kHz signal at the o/p. round 1. 4K we get a 38 kHz signal. Then you point it over the sensor and its o/p will go low when it senses the IR signal of 38 kHz. 2. Receiver Circuit Fig. 3. 4 Receiver circuit The IR transmitter will emit modulated 38 kHz IR sig nal and at the receiver we use TSOP1738 (Infrared Sensor). The output goes high when the there is an interruption and it return back to low after the time period determined by the capacitor and resistor in the circuit. I. e. close to 1 second. CL100 is to trigger the IC555 which is configured as monostable multivibrator. Input is given to the way 1 of the microcontroller.Port 0 is used for the 7-Segment display purpose. Port 2 is used for the Relay convolute On and Turn off Purpose. LTS 542 ( green Anode) is used for 7-Segment display. And that time Relay will get potentiality and triggered so light will get voltage and it will turn on. And when counter will be 00 that time Relay will be turned off. Reset discharge will reset the microcontroller. CHAPTER - 4 HARDWARE DESIGN DESCRIPTIONS Hardware aspiration- Infrared Sensor TSOP1738 Microcontroller AT89S52 Relay 7-Segment Display metrer IC 555 Fig. 4. 1 Snap of the entire circuit 4. 1 Procedure Followed While innovationIn t he beginning I designed the circuit in DIPTRACE software. parry trace is a circuit designing software. After bound of the designing circuit I prepared the layout. Then I programmed the microcontroller using KEIL software using hex file. Then soldering process was done. After completion of the soldering process I tested the circuit. Still the desired output was not obtained and so troubleshooting was done. In the process of troubleshooting I found the circuit aptly soldered and connected and accordingly came to conclusion that there was error in programming section which was later rectified and the desired results were obtained. . 2 amount of Components Following is the list of percentages that are necessary to build the assembly of the digital Speedometer Cum Odometer * Microcontroller AT89S52 * IC 7805 * Sensor TSOP 1738 (Infrared Sensor) * Transformer 12-0-12, 500 mA * Preset 4. 7K * Disc capacitor 104,33pF * Reset button switch * Rectifier crystal rectifier IN4148 * Transistor BC 547, CL 100 * 7-Segment Display 4. 3 translation of Components 4. 3. 1 Microcontroller AT89S52 The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-system programmable Flash memory.The device is manufactured using Atmels high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the Industry-standard 80C51 instruction set and pin out. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory pro- grammar. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with in-system programmable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful microcontroller which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications.The AT89S52 provides the following standard features 8K bytes of Flash, 256 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, Watchdog timepiece, both data pointers, three 16-bit timer/counters, a six-vector two-level interrupt architecture, a secure d uplex successive expression, on-chip oscillator, and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89S52 is designed with static logic for surgical procedure down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port, and interrupt system to continue functioning.The Power-down mode saves the RAM con- tents but freezes the oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next interrupt or hardware reset. FEATURES- * 8 KB Reprogrammable flash. * 32 Programmable I/O lines. * 16 bit Timer/Counter3. * 8 thwart rootages. * Power score 4V 5. 5V * Endurance 1000 Writes / Erase cycles * Fully static operation 0 Hz to 33 MHz * Three level program memory lock * Power off flag * Full duplex UART serial channel * low power idle and power down modes * Interrupt recovery from power down modes * 256 KB internal RAM * treble data pointer 4. 3. 2TSOP1738 (INFRARED SENSOR)Fig. 4. 2 Infrared Se nsor Description The TSOP17.. series are miniaturized receivers for infrared remote control systems. PIN diode and preamplifier are assembled on lead frame, the epoxy mailboat is designed as IR filter. The demodulated output signal can directly be decoded by a microprocessor. TSOP17.. is the standard IR remote control receiver series, supporting all major contagious disease codes. Features * Photo detector and preamplifier in one piece of land * Internal filter for PCM frequency * Improved shielding against electrical sketch disturbance * TTL and CMOS compatibility * Output active low lowly power custom * postgraduate immunity against ambient light * Continuous data transmission possible (up to 2400 bps) * Suitable burst length . 10 cycles/burst Block Diagram Fig. 4. 3 Block Diagram of TSOP 1738 Application Circuit Fig. 4. 4 Application circuit 4. 3. 3 555 ( TIMER IC) Fig. 4. 5 Timer IC(555) Description The LM555 is a highly stable device for generating accurate time delays or oscillation. Additional terminals are provided for triggering or resetting if desired. In the time delay mode of operation, the time is precisely controlled by one external resistor and capacitor.For astable operation as an oscillator, the free running frequency and duty cycle are accurately controlled with two external resistors and one capacitor. The circuit may be triggered and reset on falling waveforms, and the output circuit can source or sink up to 200mA or drive TTL circuits. Features * Direct substitute for SE555/NE555 * Timing from microseconds through hours * Operates in both astable and monostable modes * Adjustable duty cycle * Output can source or sink 200 mA * Output and supply TTL compatible * Temperature stability better than 0. 05% per C * commonly on and normally off output * Available in 8-pin MSOP package Applications * Precision timing * Pulse generation * Sequential timing * Time delay generation * Pulse width modulation * Pulse function modulation * Li near ramp generator 5. 3. 4 LTS 542 (7-Segment Display) Description The LTS 542 is a 0. 52 inch digit height single digit seven-segment display. This device utilizes Hi-eff. Red LED chips, which are made from GaAsP on GaP substrate, and has a red face and red segment. Fig. 4. 6 7 Segment Features * Common Anode * 0. 52 Inch Digit Height * Continuous Uniform Segments Low power Requirement * Excellent Characters Appearance * High Brightness High Contrast * Wide Viewing Angle 5. 3. 5 LM7805 (Voltage Regulator) Fig. 4. 7 Voltage Regulator Description The KA78XX/KA78XXA series of three-terminal positive regulator are visible(prenominal) in the TO-220/D-PAK package and with several fixed output voltages, making them useful in a wide range of applications. Each type employs internal current limiting, thermal shut down and safe operating compass protection, making it essentially indestructible. If adequate heat sinking is provided, they can pitch over 1A output current.Although designe d primarily as fixed voltage regulators, these devices can be used with external components to obtain adjustable voltages and currents. Features * Output Current up to 1A * Output Voltages of 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24V * Thermal Overload Protection * unequal Circuit Protection * Output Transistor Safe Operating vault of heaven Protection 5. 3. 6 RELAY CIRCUIT Fig. 4. 8 Relay A single pole dabble throw (SPDT) relay is connected to port RB1 of the microcontroller through a driver transistor. The relay requires 12 volts at a current of around 100ma, which cannot provide by the microcontroller.So the driver transistor is added. The relay is used to operate the external solenoid forming part of a locking device or for operating any other electrical devices. Normally the relay remains off. As soon as pin of the microcontroller goes high, the relay operates. When the relay operates and releases. Diode D2 is the standard diode on a mechanical relay to prevent back EMF from damaging Q 3 when the relay releases. LED L2 indicates relay on. CHAPTER - 5 SOFTWARE DESIGN FLOW CHART Start Infrared Signal Transmission Interrupted from Sensor1 Interrupted from Sensor 2 Turn On Relay Counter Incremented Counter DecrementedCounter set to 0 Relay Turn score Turn On Light Turn Off Light Fig. 4. 7 Flow Chart * If the sensor 1 is disrupt first then the microcontroller will play for the sensor 2. And if it is interrupted then the microcontroller will increment the count and switch on the relay, if it is first time interrupted. * If the sensor 2 is interrupted first then the microcontroller will look for the sensor 1. And if it is interrupted then the microcontroller will decrement the count. * When the last person leaves the room then counter goes to 0 and that time the relay will turn off. And light will be turn off. CHAPTER - 6 exam AND RESULTSTesting And Results We started our project by making power supply. That is easy for me but when we turn toward the main circuit, th ere are many problems and issues related to it, which we faced, like component selection, which components is better than other and its feature and cost heady a We started our project by making power supply. That is easy for me but when I turn toward the main circuit, there are many problems and issues related to it, which are I faced, like component selection, which components is better than other and its feature and cost wise also, then refer the data books and other materials related to its.I had issues with better or correct result, which I desired. And also the software problem. I also had some soldering issues which were unflinching using continuity checks performed on the hardware. We had issues with better or correct result, which we desired. And also the software problem. We also had some soldering issues which were resolved using continuity checks performed on the hardware. We started testing the circuit from the power supply. There we got over first trouble. After getti ng 9V from the transformer it was not converted to 5V and the circuit received 9V.As the solder was shorted IC 7805 got burnt. So we replaced the IC7805. also the circuit part around the IC7805 were completely damaged.. with the help of the solder we made the necessary paths. CHAPTER - 7 FUTURE EXPANSION FUTURE EXPANSION * By using this circuit and proper power supply we can implement various applications such(prenominal) as fans, tube lights, etc. * By modifying this circuit and using two relays we can achieve a task of opening and closing the access. CHAPTER - 8 APPLICATION, ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES APPLICATION, ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Application * For counting purposes * For automatic room light control * Advantages * Low cost * Easy to use * Implement in single door * Disadvantages * It is used only when one single person cuts the rays of the sensor hence it cannot be used when two person cross simultaneously. CHAPTER - 8 BIBILOGRAPHY Bibliography * point of reference Book s * Programming in ANSI C E BALAGURUSAMY * The 8051microcontroller and embedded systems MUHAMMAD ALI MAZIDI JANICE GILLISPIE MAZIDI * The 8051 microcontroller KENNETH J. AYALA * Website * www. datasheets4u. com * www. 8051. com