The Internal and External business environment of BBA Aviation plc

This report is just ab step to the fore BBA melodic phrase plc. The report ordain identify the fellowships goals and objectives besides forget particularly tension its attention on the Challenges the caller mettle both in its Internal and External Business Environment. The report ordain similarly cover both PEST and deck out analysis to fasten panics, opportunities and weaknesses and the role of the fraternitys Corporate accessible responsibility (CSR) result overly be examined. Factors much(prenominal) as the Porters five forces and the Dimension of complexness will alike be examined to develop identify this Challenges faced by the association whilst the Dimension of Complexity will give a cleargonr personality regarding the Complexity of the companys Environment at which it operates.Haven discovered these challenges the Mckinseys7S material will monitor if on that point argon any changes within the engageup that will require a change in its trading tra ding exertions. BBA melodic phrase is a Global company which operates in 220 locations worldwide but only its operations in the UK will be examined in this report. However, inductn express so there atomic number 18 other factors such as the multinational and European Law that governs its operations. These also includes The European atmosphere Safety Agency (EASA) and the International well-mannered aura Organisation (ICAO). There argon also matter re inexorableions and thriftiness from the Civil strain Authority (CAA) and the Department for enrapture. IntroductionBBA airwave plc is an air travel re facts of lifes company that offers subsequentlymarket operate, course prolong and system activities to the commercial and cargon aura markets. Also, it offers the services to regional airline,military and commercial aviation operators, including fixed based operator (FBO) services, such as grand handling, fuelling, turbine locomotive engine repair, aviation comp unmatchednt and overhaul, hydraulic system and get gear. (The cadences 2006) The companys operations are surgical incisi angiotensin-converting enzymed into two handicraft operation that is to say escape valve indorse and Aftermarket services and systems. The flight support segment of the company engages in ground handling, offering refuelling, crew, passenger amenities, office rentals and hanger. (BBA air travel, 2012)After services and systems occupancy segments of the company engages in manufactures and supports engines and aerospace component, sub-systems and systems. The segment also comp elevators of engine repair and overhaul, legacy support and AP precision hydraulics (APPH). The Engine repair and whelm segment is the principal(a) independent original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM), the spot course swan segment is the worlds largest and market- confidential information fixed based operator (FBO) net make for. The companys Aircraft Service International meetin g (ASIG) is the worlds steer independent refueller. (BBA airwave, 2012) BBA atmosphere is headquartered in London. The company employees are estimated at over 12,000 at over 220 locations on 5 continents where its operations are performed. The company operates in twelve locations airports in the UK, Seven in England, four in Scotland and one in wales (BBA Aviation, 2012) Porters five competitive forces modelThreat of New Entrants (Low)BBA Aviation plc operates in market segments that have relatively high hindrances to doorway in the fixed based operator (FBO) ancestry. However, it is doable to have much than one fixed based operator (FBO) operator at major line of work aviation airports, the airport landlord will still be cautious of result too many leases for fear of diluting its own returns from selling the leases. (Westho manipulation, 2010) A nonher side of the barrier to enter is the Non- monetary considerations which also have an influence. Signatures brandmark e ffectivity and quality service reputation make it much to a greater extent difficult for set-driven competitors to enter and build repeatable volumes/market share.If end users were sincerely yours price-sensitive, they would non be using private aviation in the jump baffle, this is to say end users do not switch to a cheaper ersatz as the market itself is capital intensive and has noroom for cheaper alternatives. Also, faithful credit markets reduce the risk of new entrants being successful at expose, therefore the smaller companies are falling plus they struggle with the storehouse holded to create any threat in the market. (Westhouse, 2010)Another deterrent to entranceway is the strong emphasis on pr importative and aircraft to remain legally airworthy in the aviation industry set by the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), the Civil Aviation Authority and the Department for transport. The restrictions from this organisations acts as a barrier to entry by new companies without established track records. (Westhouse, 2010) Bargaining force play of suppliers (High)Signatures Flight keep back main operating cost is aviation fuel, which it sells on to its private jet operator customers with a mark-up. Although, Signatures Flight obligate has little bargaining power, the cost is a pass through. Whereas, on the Maintenance, Repair & Operations (MRO) side of the business, the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) do cover signifi thunder mugt power in terms of their ability to dictate who great deal get into licences to conduct maintenance work on their engines, given the strict safety and airworthiness regulations. (Westhouse, 2010)Given the analysis on the porters five, it is clear that threat of substitute is low. Also, the aviation market has a high level of barrier to entry and its also a high capital intensive market. The main challenge for Managers and leaders given the analysis overhe ad would be to main an already gained market share and appropriate a confirmative employee engagement by a way of circumstantial and germane(predicate) job-related learn and personal support. (BBA Aviation 2012) PESTEL AnalysisPolitical and regulatory factors (Law) (Threats)Safe and dependable transport is essential to the UK society and the economy. (Department for Transport, 2012) Haven to meet the standard set by the aviation regulations, BBA Aviation insures the companys operations, meets and exceeds the regulations facing its Customers, these customers includes regional airlines, business aviation, military and commercial aviation operators. (Relevant, 2012) The Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) uses a mix of Domestic, European and international legislation to protect consumers.Theselegislations ranges from the minimum safety standards set by the International Civil aviation organisation (ICAO), to EC legislation protecting passengers rights, also including the European leg islation on safety and the domestic regulation on the use of airspace. (CAA, 2012) The legislations are not limited but also, include the safety of Customers, Aircrafts and its Airworthiness, Airlines and its flight standards, aerodrome and Airspace. (EASA, 2008) Overall, this is a threat to the company and they could lose their operating license should they beetle off to meet these regulations, hence employees involve to be better communicate and trained in their individual roles. Economic factors (Weaknesses)The great challenge managers/leaders face in this context is the ability not to have the power to control or manipulate the economic factor such as the Interest rate and exchange rate. Exchange rate volatility is belike to continue to lead to some volatility in sterling profits, with most of the BBA Aviation earnings (and costs) in US dollars. (Westhouse, 2010)Foreign Exchange RiskBBA host has significant overseas businesses whose tax revenues, assets, cash flows and lia bilities are mainly denominated in the money in which the operations are located. BBA Aviation chemical stems constitution in relation to foreign exchange translation risk is not to hedge the income statement since such hedges only have a all of a sudden effect. In relation to the balance sheet, the BBA Group seeks to denominate the currency of its borrowings in US dollars in order to match the currency of its earnings, cash flows and assets which are principally denominated in US dollars. (BBA Aviation, 2012)Financial Risk FactorsThe Groups activities expose them to a material body of financial risks market risk (including interest rate and currency risk), pullniness risk and credit risk. Overall the Group risk management policies and procedures focus on the uncertainty of financial markets and seek to minimise and manage strength financial risks through the use of derivative financial instruments. BBA Aviation does not undertake speculative transactions for which there is no underlying financial exposure. (BBA Aviation, 2012)Under policies approved by the Board of Directors of BBA Aviation plc, risk management is carried out by a central treasury department. This department identifies, surveys and hedges financial risks in close co-operation with the Groups subsidiaries. The treasury policies cover specific areas such as interest rate risk, credit risk, foreign exchange risk, use of derivative financial instruments and the investment of excess liquidity. (BBA Aviation, 2012)Social and Environmental factor (Opportunity)BBA Group has benefited from the growing population (demography) trend in the United commonwealth, increased pass makers and Migration into the country has also increased its Groups revenue (Mark Easton, BBC NEWS, 2010) In light of this growth, the demand for aviation services thus increase, which makes BBA Group to prosper in its operations. The expansion brings about employee information and discipline to accommodate these change s, it also enables its customers to respond effectively and efficiently to meet the new aviation demand.(Source BBC NEWS, 2010)Current migration figures shows a surprising and high increase in the number of people from contrasting nationals, ethnics, gender and age migrating to Britain, not only by foreign workers or family reunion cases, but also by a big rise in the number of students coming to the United Kingdom. (Easton, M. BBC NEWS, 2010) some other reasons for migration to the United Kingdom includes Business, Tourist, Holiday makers and also Political. Hence, the demand for inflow and outflow on aviation services in the United Kingdom seats on a rising trend. (Mark Easton, BBC NEWS, 2010)The more flying hours generated by its customers the commercial, business, military and regional airlines the more beneficial this is to BBA Aviation. Haven said so, when a lower fuel price was taken into account in 2009, signature flight support revenue dropped 26%. (BBC NEWS, 2010) (Mark Easton, BBC NEWS, 2010)Corporate Social tariff (CSR)BBA Aviation focuses on delivering a semipermanent and sustainable value that integrates a continuous feeler and reliability, thus, embedding Corporate Social debt instrument (CSR) in its wad. Health and Safety, Employee, Environment and conjunction are BBA Aviation plcs four key area of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). (BBA Aviation, 2012) scientific factors (Strength)Considering the strict safety restriction in the aviation industry Technological innovation is at its highest level with zero tolerance for error. BBA Aviation brandished its strength with the launch of the First support centralize. BBA Aviation Engine Repair and Overhaul (ERO) unveiled its First bear out global technological operations mettle. The centre utilizes combine satellite based tracking to deliver ultra-fast and efficient chemical reaction to Aircraft on Ground (AOG). (Aviationpros, 2010) BBA Aviation believes this is a game changer for the engine support industry First Support utilizes a highly integrated real- sentence system that can identify locations of field service technicians, supple response vehicles, rental engines, and tooling at any given moment, any time of the day, around the United Kingdom and anywhere in the world. (Flightglobal, 2010)The support centre has the ability to track the precise status of every field service job as well as the availability of the companys assets and personnel. It can also monitor air and land based trading as well as the impact of airport delays and weather. Given an employment when a customer calls with an Aircraft on Ground (AOG) issue, the company can quickly deploy solutions via the most efficient routes and means. BBA Aviation industry leading services enables them to deliver a step-function improvement over existing engine support services. (Flightglobal, 2010)The centre is laged by highly delicate field service technical managers who are expert on all engine pro duct lines serviced by. Staffing also includes quality assurance, engineering, and logistics personnel. (Flightglobal, 2010) The Group also introduce the Aqua-save system that helps reduce the litres of godforsaken water generated, this waste water are converted to new coolant or water that can be use for floor cleaning operations, whilst reduce operational cost and improveenvironmental death penalty. (MWP Advanced Manufacturing, 2010) Dimension of complexity1. The environment at which the organisation operates is very complex. There are dour penalty that could affect the organisation should they under perform in their operations. These regulations are set nationally by the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA). Other complexity includes the unpredictable changing demand in the Aviation industry, fine government policies, laws, regulations, taxes, interest. (Wensveen, J 2010) 2. BBA Group operations are Routine and Non-Routine. This also depends on the sector. Operation that requires baggage handling and de-icing are Routine, whilst the operation that providing landing gear, engine maintenance, supplys of engine parts are non-routine. 3. BBA Group is diversified following its operations. The group is segmented into Aftermarket services and systemsLegacy Support Leading supplier of Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) licensed legacy products. AP Precision hydraulics (APPH) Niche landing gear and associated hydraulic equipment submitr. Providing integrated logistics support for landing gear and hydraulic systems Engine Repair & Overhaul Leading independent Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) authorised engine Repair Company. (BBA Aviation, 2013)Flight Support Aircraft Service International Group (ASIG) The leading independent refueller Signature flight support Largest leading fixed base operation (FBO) i.e. Ground handling. (BBA Aviation, 2013)4. BBA Aviation group generates more revenue by the more flying time clocked by its customers. (BBC NEWS, 2010) The o perating environment has do its operation hostile by refusing the government to expand airports in the United Kingdom, the nations economy will benefits from these expansions in the long-run if plans are passed for approval. But there have been challenges from the environmental advocates and public resistance which has objected to the expansion plans and the creation of new run -ways. (The Guardian, 2013)Chairman of the Gatwick Area Conservation CampaignBrendon Sewill said When people begin to have what is likely to hit them, there will be a tidal wave of public resistance. He said there was no need for any new lead in the South East Stansted drome was less than half full, new larger aircraft were coming into use and there was sufficient airport capacity to last until 2050. (BBC NEWS, 2013) BAA Aviation proposed a condensed a second railing at Gatwick, extra runway at Heathrow, and two extra runways at Stansted.It said the first runway should be built as soon as possible, with land safeguarded at two other sites for future pay backment. But it said the option of a 9bn new airport at Cliffe in north Kent should be excluded from the governments closing expansion scheme. While local residents and green groups will welcome the possible scrapping of the Cliffe plan, campaigners in Heathrow, Stansted and Gatwick reacted with dismay to BAAs statement. (The Guardian, 2013)Given the analysis above, there are little challenges from competitors as the barrier to entry is high. However, there are Environmental Challenges, Social challenges, Community Challenges and Political Challenges. But the Groups biggest challenge is its Operational approach. BBA Aviation Chairman announced that the Group continue to invest in its employees and their suppuration and made some changes to their organisational management structure at the beginning of 2013 to speed up its growth and operational improvement programme. (BBA Aviation, 2013)The Group believes that with high opera tional improvement it can strive to reduce environmental impact through the more efficient use of resources, encourage innovative developments in technologies that support its business objectives and can offer environmental, community and social benefits. (BBA Aviation, 2013)McKinseys 7S frame-work StructureBBA Aviation is divided into Two major Group namely Flight Support and Aftermarket services and system. There are also further division into the major groups. This idea is to decentralise the Groups operations to the appropriate organisation with relevant skills call for to carry out each and every specific task. All of these groups work under the umbrella of BBA Aviation plc. The creation of these groups divides task and further provide coordination. It decentralises to focus on its individual area of specialisation and centralise to compass the Groups sole aims, goals and objectives.Strategy BAA Aviation divided its strategy into four sections Vision, Goal, Value and Key per formance indicator. VisionBBA Aviations vision and overriding objective of growing exceptional long-term sustainable value for all stakeholders is shared by all Group operations which are individually and jointly focused on continuously amend market-leading and innovative businesses, working together for greater gain through meliorate co-ordination and co-operation and being an employer of choice for empowered individuals in a safe and sustainable environment. (BBA Aviation, 2013) ValuesBBA Aviation plc employees are also unified around a common set of values these values are a bouncy and integral part of the way the Group do business. (BBA Aviation, 2013) Goals apiece yr BBA Groups Executive Management Committee sets a serial publication of short and medium-term specific and measurable goals. These goals are hence cascaded throughout the Group. Each Groups business has actions aligned to the achievement of each of the short and medium-term goals and the execution of those act ions is actively monitored by Groups management. (BBA Aviation, 2013) Key mental bear on IndicatorsThe successful execution of BBA Aviations strategy is expected to be value creative for shareholders. Key Performance Indicators (KPI) is used to monitor patterned advance and any challenges faced within the Group. (BBA Aviation, 2013)Systems The Group changes its operational system, given the decentralize nature of its business. Given this approach the procedure are different group differs, hence introducing the system of internal control that helps to identify risks and challenges faced by leaders and management.BBA Aviationinternal control is essentially an ongoing process embedded in the Groups businesses for identifying, evaluating and managing the significant risks faced by the Group, including social, ethical and environmental risk. The Group considers that it has adequate information to identify and survey significant risks and opportunities affecting its long and short te rm value. The Groups system is designed to manage rather than eliminate the risk of disaster to achieve its business objectives. The internal control system can provide reasonable but not absolute assurance against material misstatement or loss to the extent that is appropriate, taking account of costs and benefits. (BBA Aviation, 2013)StyleBusiness operations within the Group are routine and non-routine. Certain elements of the business are designed to accommodate the routine aspect of the group. The style here can be said to be flexible as there are specific way of carrying out its operations, changes in style would be said to be low. However, the style at the non-routine aspect of the Groups operation will change from time to time given the uncertainty in the operations of its business. As the operation at the non-routine level can sometimes not be determined this will mean the style will always have a shift to accommodate any present situation.StaffBBA Aviation is committed to investing in and empowering its staff through schooling and education and to providing them with opportunities for rewarding careers. The Group provide each of its employees with specific and relevant job-related training and personal support while, at Group level, BBA Aviation develop programmes for simulation leadership and general skills training that can be implemented across all sites.The Company provides employees with various opportunities to obtain information on matters of concern to them and to improve their awareness of the financial and economic factors that affect the performance of the Company. These include all hands briefings, staff forums and meetings with trade unions that take put throughout the year. In 2012 a number of communication initiatives have been launched to nourish effective two-way communicationaround the organisation. (BBA Aviation, 2013)Skill BBA Aviation is highly skilled in all area of it operations. The Groups strategy is to bugger off a comp any that specialises in a given area of the Aviation business rather than founding a total new company for that specific area. The level of its operational skill is identified below Flight SupportAircraft Service International Group (ASIG) Is the leading independent refueller. Signature flight support Is the largest leading fixed base operation (FBO) for example Ground handling. (BBA Aviation, 2013)Aftermarket services and systems Legacy Support Is the leading supplier of Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) licensed legacy products. Engine Repair & Overhaul Is the leading independent Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) authorised engine Repair Company. (BBA Aviation, 2013)Super-ordinate GoalsBBA Aviation uses a range of key performance indicators (KPI), allied to the BBA Aviation vision and mission, to monitor the Groups progress against the goals set to support the voice communication of our overarching objective to grow exceptional, long-term, sustainable value for all stakeh olders. To acquire the Groups super-ordinate goals, BBA Aviation set up a remuneration policy. This policy is intended to ensure that the remuneration of executive directors and other senior executives prudishly reflects their duties and responsibilities and is sufficient to attract, take and motivate high calibre senior management capable collectively of delivering the goals of the Company. (BBA Aviation, 2013)Haven critically at rest(p) through the companys PEST Analysis, SWOT Analysis, Porters five forces, Complexity of Dimension, Corporate Social Responsibility and Mckensies 7S frame work. It is clear that the BBA Aviation is at a stable cruising leading point in the Aviation industry and their biggest challenge is the Operational Improvement to sustain this leadership position. For this to be achieved the employees need to undergo training aftermaths to perceive the companys vision, goals, aims, objectives and also to witness the internal and external challenges, hence em powering them with the understand of what is expected of them both as an individual or a group of teams.The Harrisons learning wheel (eight-stage process) will be a better tool for employees to understand the companys vision and challenges. The step by step process will equip the employees to a better understanding on how to achieve the skills and experience needed in other to be a partaker of the vision and to combat these challenges faced by the company.Training refers to the acquisition of specific skills and knowledge that will enable an employee to perform their job effectively. Relatively, staff development concerns activities that are directed to the future needs of the employee, which may themselves be derived from the future needs of the organisation. (Palmer, A & Hartley, B)Harrisons learning wheel (The eight-stage process) Establish needsThis is to acquire the individual, team, group or even management that needs training to better enhance them with the training needed to understand the companys vision and challenges. Agree on project and objectives for the learning eventHaving to understand the employee that needs the training process, it will be important for these employees to know the purpose and objective of the training. The training is usually based on the employee to understand the spry challenges faced by the company. Identify profile of intended populationIt is decisive that the pedigree of the employee has to be established. The intrinsic and extrinsic profile of the employee has to be understood and a motivational reward to be put in place to incentivise the employee. Agree on strategy and the delivery of the learning eventA strategy on how to deliver the learning event should be made flexible. Planning and control process have to be monitored in the event where funding may have come from other group of the company. discern learner cohort and produce detailed specification for the learning event At the point leaders and manager wou ld select employee that they think is deemed requisite to attend the learning event given the challenges faced in their department. locate strategy and design the learning eventOnes these employees have been selected a proper strategy on how the learning will be passed on will then be drawn. After this process, a transformation will then be expected of these employees after haven to complete the training process. The finalisation of the training process will then hand the employee the skills and knowledge to better performance hence reducing the challenges faced by the company. Monitor and evaluate the changeThe evaluation process is a tool for leaders and managers to ascertain what has worked and what has not worked after the learning process. The evaluation process helps leaders and managers to encounter the remains of the challenges. Evaluation technique that will assist leaders and managers to acquire the learning outcome will range from interviews, questionnaires, briefings , practical establish, written test and even the observation of behaviour will confirm an employee engagement. Haven gone through these techniques it will be clear to leaders and managers where lapses can be foreseen and a possible remedy to tackle the remains of the challenges uncovered after the evaluation technique process.ConclusionThe operations of BBA Aviation plc are complex at the industry at which it operates. Given this complexity, their main challenge is Operational Improvement. The company in its response created specific job related training for staff at different level. The training focuses more on staff training and staff development. The Group involve their employees personally in these efforts and invest in new technologies, equipment and training and development programmes where the Group believe they can make a difference.The Group businesses have much in common and softwood to learn from each other and the Group encourage working together, sacramental manducti on ideas and good practices.BBA Aviation plc is the leading aviation service provider in the United Kingdom compared to its competitors namely Goodrich Corporation, Mercury Air Group, Inc. and TIMCO Aviation work Inc. BAA Aviation doesnt make the planes, but it does keep them flying. (BBA Aviation, 2013)

Bullying Research Paper Essay

Abstr compriseEvery day across America, kidren are be sent to drill with the mindset that they are hinderive as they head to an environment that is intended to support a compulsive atmosphere of learning and genialization. However, schools across America are plagued with the continuous and battleful problem of push around that is effecting our companionship as a whole. Our tikerens animal(prenominal) and emotional well-being is at risk because of the act of browbeat. Without proper education, identification, and saloon to promote awareness, blustery result encompass to be a major issue. The following seek paper is intended to focus on the do of school hector and what society rouse do to second prevent future hector from occurring. I aspire to learn the different forms of bullying, magical spell learning what I can do to identify the problem and what the contingent solutions to preventing future occurrence are. Key countersig geniuss bullyrag,Cyberbullyin g, School ballyragSchool Bullying whole oer the years, bullying has become more prominent in our society. In the past, galore(postnominal) adults and educators perceive bullying as aboutthing that all children go through undecomposed kids being kids. Children are all effected differently depending on the decimal point of the bullying, some even ending in tragic events. Being proactive in recognizing bullying can lead to a drastic lessen in bullying cases. Educated professionals are being trained in order to pick up on signs that an act of bullying is adventure and how to address and resolve the situation. Thankfully, more and more states are issuing laws to defend the schools and the students a promotest bullying. As a result, anti-bullying programs were created to provide a safe learning environment for students and exact been effective all over the world. In order for us to better understand bullying, we mustiness know what bullying is.The guileless word bully can be referred back to as early as the 1500s. In order to learn exactly what a bully is, you must runner break down what a bully is in its simplest form. The act of bullying requires two people, the bully and the person being bullied. By definition, Bullying is unwanted, raptorial behavior among school aged children that involves a real or perceived power imbalance. The behavior is repeated, or has the potential to be repeated, over time. Bullying includes actions such as do threats, spreading rumors, attacking individual materially or verbally, and excluding psyche from a group on sociable function (stopbullying.org). The entire act is dependent upon a disparity of power, the aggressor exhibits that they establish more power than the person being targeted.The act of bullying can be separated into three categories verbal (name calling, teasing), social (ignoring or isolating), and physical bullying (hitting, kicking). Now with the recent boom in technology, a unexampled form of bullying has now emerged- cyber bullying. In some(prenominal) event, all forms of bullying have a direct result on the dupe. Bullying is a form of abuse that carries on over the course of time. At first one may believe that the cause of bullying is limited to sign responses that tend to fade within a some days or a week, at some. However, research indicates that the harm inflicted by bullying, whether physical or psychological, has implications and can result in a snowball effect of perpetual and painful emotions and ban impacts. (Donegan, 2008).Although bullying consists of two core components, the bully and the person being bullied, the difference in the type of bullying differs greatly. The person who plays the disassemble of the bully is acting in a conscious, leave behindful, and deliberate activity where the uncomplicated purpose is to generate fear through the threat of additional aggressive acts. This further act of aggression and creation of terror creates the dour touch sensation of intimidation and an uncomfortable emotional sense that the bully uses to maintain power. erst a bully has created this superiority, the bully will continue to victimize their offender. These actions restrict the most common and obvious form of bullying, physical bullying. In this instance, the aggressor is most often portrayed punching, kicking, throwing objects, orparticipating in some form of destructive behavior that is both observable and physical. The intimidated victim will most likely dismiss any injuries received to reverse any further incidents. At this point, the bully has already established their conceal and will continue to exercise their power over the victim.In some instances, victims have been found to report a combination of physical and verbal bullying. The verbal threatening, taunting, and name calling has been found to be a commonality with physical bullying. In a survey of big school students, a third of students who were bullied e xperienced symptoms that sound much like post-traumatic stress rowdiness Feelings of panic, repeatedly thinking about past bullying episodes, and inability to tighten at school. Unfortunately, these feelings of anxiety and distress tend to linger after start and into adulthood (Sharp, 1995). The adverse impact of school bullying is often exacerbated by the fact that many pupils do not tell of their experience and indeed do not receive appropriate help and support (Oliver & Candappa, 2003).With our society constantly evolving, so has the manner in which individuals are bullied. Since the emergence of the internet, social media, and the expert advancements of telecommunications, the ease and the way people communicate has created a engender ground for young adults to bully one another. Cyber bullying has now transcended the traditional sense of bullying and evolved into a form that allows a person to veil their identity behind a computer. This anonymity makes it easier for the offender to strike blows against a victim without having to see the victims physical response. The distancing effect that technological devices have on todays youth often leads them to check out and do crueler things compared to what is typical in a traditional face-to-face bullying situation (Donegan, 2012).Cyber bullying has been defined as an aggressive act or behavior that is carried out using electronic means by a group or an individual repeatedly and over time against a victim who cannot easily defend him or herself (Smith, e.t.,al 2008). Examples of cyber bullying include beady-eyed text messages or emails, rumors posted on social networking sites, andembarrassing photos, videos, or fake profiles. Although cyber bullying is often experienced indirectly, as opposed to a face to face confrontation with traditional bullying, the potential for reaching a larger audience is greater. A form of cyber bullying would be nib a status that is intended to be vague, however, is specifi cally directed towards individual using an insignificant clue that the victim would know is directed at them. Once a publication is made through a social media network, the potential for further sharing increases exponentially. At this point, the repetitiveness for the bullying to continue can carry on by other people, causing a snowball effect. That single act creates a vicious circle that the victim may experience over and over.Regardless if it is traditional bullying or cyber bullying, a significant amount of research has documented the long lasting impact of bullying on a persons affable health and academic performance. In many instances, an entire schools student body is capable of being affected by bullying. A school is intended to design an atmosphere where children experience a autocratic and inviting environment, where growth and individuality is welcomed and encouraged. However, when a schools climate is plagued by bullying, there is an inherent fear and intimidation wi thin the school that causes the victim and others to disassociate and reject the notion of a positive atmosphere. The fear of being harassed or excluded by peers in school contributes to dropout rates and pathetic academic achievement, causing additional victimization. In order to implement a strategy to combat bullying, schools must include school-level interventions designed to change the general culture and climate of the school class room interventions targeting enlighteners and other adults in the school and student-level interventions that target individual or small groups of victims and bullies. (Whitted, 2005). Strategies like this help to revert the power imbalance that a bully thrives on to gain power. search on anti-bullying programs have shown that information provided for parents through newsletters and parent meetings proved to be successful. A school atmosphere with a positive bank bill of communication between school administration and the students parents helps to urge on the awareness ofbullying encouraging a drastic reduction in bullying incidents. Other common ways to help combat the effects of bullying included more social interactions for the victim. Educators and parents are urged to have the child participate in organized social activities to initiate new friendships and constitute confidence with other children for a feeling of belonging. If the child is interested in music, art, or sports, they are encouraged to develop and practice that talent to reinforce confidence and self-esteem. A controlled system with peer support helps victims deal with the interpersonal conflicts of bullying in a pro-active and non-violent way. By being positive, supportive, and embracing the child and what he/she is going through at all times, he will come to respect and cherish himself as an individual and overcome any negative effects bullying may have caused.ConclusionWhen someone thinks back to their days of elementary school through high school, most of us think about normal school examines- classes, homeroom, and friends. We can all recall some of the struggles studying for the big test, getting homework completed, making new friends. To me, school was just school. It was something I had to do to become a successful adult. For those victims of school bullying, school is a living nightmare. The harassment, pain, and the series of struggles a bullied person experiences is too much for any normal person to comprehend, especially if they were not bullied personally. School becomes a burden and something that is avoided as much as possible. The victims become stressed with their overflowing insecurities. School work no long-lasting is a priority, avoiding the harassment and humility becomes a primary concern.Prior to conducting this research project, my knowledge of bullying was very limited. Having not been bullied as a child, my image was simple. The biggest kid in the class would push the scrawny weird kid against his loc ker, and that was the end of it. Now, after reading the numerous studies done on this unnameable epidemic, I have realized that this is a problem that causes more damage long term than what society thinks- and it effects everyone My daughter will be entering elementary school in a few years, and as her father I feel that it is important to explain bullying and theeffects it has on individuals. No matter if it is verbal, emotional, physical or occurring on social media sites, I feel it is my job, as well as the schools guidance team to educate and inform my daughter on this serious topic. If we can properly educate people, hopefully someday the negative domino effect of bullying can be reversed to be a positive outcome of the popular plan to pay it forwards. For someone who was taught The Golden Rule as a young boy, it seems simple to me. Treat others the way you want to be treated, and if you dont have anything nice to say to someone- dont say it at all. This is something I plan t o teach my daughter, and maybe if more people believe and teach this golden rule, bullying will be a thing of the past.ReferencesDonegan, R. (2012). Bullying and Cyberbullying History, Statistics, Law, Prevention and Analysis. The Elon Journal of Undergraduate Research in Communications, 3(1), 33-42.McElearney, A., Adamson, G., Shevlin, M., & Bunting, B. (2013). Impact evaluation of a School-based Counselling Intervention in Northern Ireland Is it Effective for Pupils Who hold up Been Bullied?. Child Care In Practice, 19(1), 4-22. doi10.1080/13575279.2012.732557Ockerman, M. S., Kramer, C., & Bruno, M. (2014). From the School Yard to Cyber quadriceps femoris A Pilot Study of Bullying Behaviors Among Middle School Students. Research In Middle Level Education Online, 37(6), 1-18.Oliver, C., & Candappa, M. (2003). Summary report Tackling bullying Listening to the views of children and young people. London ChildLine and Thomas Coram Research Unit.Sharp, S. (1995). How much does bullyi ng hurt? The effects of bullying on the personal wellbeing and educational progress of secondary aged students. Educational and Child Psychology, 12, 8188.Smith, P.K., J. Mahdavi, M. Carvalho, S. Fisher, N. Russell, and N. Tippett(2008), Cyberbullying its nature and impact in secondary school pupils, Journal of Chil Psycology & Psychiartry, 49. pp 376-385What is Bullying StopBullying.gov. (n.d.). Retrieved from http//www.stopbullying.gov/what-is-bullying/index.htmlWhitted, K., & Dupper, D. (2005). shell practices for preventing or reducing bullying in schools. Children & Schools, 27(3), 167-175.

Five challenges of human resource manager Essay

1.2. Finding and Retaining Talent serviceman imaging is an important choice of a company as important as capital. It could be pivotal for a company in enhancing the companys competitive advantage. This is because the most intriguing task of homophile alternative theatre director is to forbear recruit and the pay off people for a suitable position and having such people in the time they need it. Hiring of appropriate personnel is one of the key determinations in making the company difference from others. In current environment, the talent that inevitable by the company is limited even the labour available is normally more than the position available in the market. This make the forgiving resource faced with challenges as they are indirectly competing with other companies clementkind resource in cast to attract and retain the talent in their company.To lodge outstanding from other companies, it is depending on the ability of the human resource to forever finding bare-a ssed ways to maximize the level of talent in their company especially the knowledge-centric companies. But, such task is non easy to sire upon in the current competitive market. Besides that, retaining existing talent is besides one of the challenging tasks for human resource theatre director. Again, due to the annex in competitiveness of the market, some companies may offer better benefits for the employees that they wish to affiance in order to attract those employees to quit their current job and race for the new company. Hence, the human resource restrainr needs to put travail and find new creative ways in order to retain talent in their companies.To decide such challenges mentioned above, the human resource manager may offer a custom-make or more liberalized arranging that less restricted the employees. For example, decentralized the company so that those employees are empower and allowed to give suggestion and made decisions which in turns made them feel they are treasured by the company add creativity to their job pattern so that they feel motivated to come across contrasting challenges pass additional benefits such bonus or voucher that is out of their prediction providing them better working conditions by designing a healthy pleasure area (such as gym) for employees to relax themselves and others.1.3. Change ManagementOne of the functions of human resource is to cleanse the position of melody or to assist the business to achieve certain improvement. In order to carry out the improvement activities which conducted to adapt with the changing business environment, certain mixtures may be made to the corporation, especially technology changes. In managing such changes, the employees may resist to change as they are afraid that their responsibilities and their positions depart be re sayd by the new technology that is introduced into the company where such new technology may improve the efficiency and effectiveness of work. Hence, th e role of human resource manager is to jackpot with this resistance issue. However, it is non easy to change people mind. This issue has go one of the biggest challenges face by the human resource manager.To reduce or overcome this issue, before the corporation implement any new changes, the human resource manager shall communicate tothe employees to explain the reasons to change and benefits that could gain through with(predicate) the change as well as the constrains so that the employees may argue proper mental and physical preparation before they access code to the changes in the corporation. Besides that, the human resource manager may also strain that the technology will only assist rather than replace the employees to winnow out employees anxiety in facing with the changes. And, at the homogeneous time appreciate the employees so that the employees know their worth to the corporation which helps increase their sense of security measure of their positions.1.4. Inves tigating Employee ComplaintsIn a working environment, some frictions may expire between the employees and supervisors, which resulting in employees complaints. This is because the supervisor always being over-confidence with their management demeanor that they didnt realize that it had affected the employees. And, certain employees also do not realize own hassles but always assumed the problem is come from the supervisor. The military personnel pick Department is creditworthy to handling such departure and employees complaints. They need to investigate the reasons behind the complaint and find the best base to the problem. However, it is not easy to solve the conflict as those significant complaints unremarkably come when it reach a critical situation.Human resource manager tends to end up coaching both sides without giving a final result due to lacking of experience or knowledge on how to get off with conflicts. In fact, improvement comes after conflict being solved. Howe ver, handling employees in the best assertable way is a big challenge for the human resource manager. To solve this challenge, the human resource manager may ascertain certain training regarding human resource management on how to deal with conflicts in the companies. They also need to be neutral in handling the complaints, but not only heed to one party word. They should not only comfort, but to communicate with the related party regarding the problem, so that the problem may solve rather than only curb in order to prevent it happened again.1.5. Relationship ManagementHuman resource department is a place for employees to voice out theirconcerns. Hence, human resource manager is responsible to communicate with the employees to deal with any problems or issues raised and at the same time ensuring employees human right is protected. To carry out these tasks effectively, human resource manager is encouraged to maintain neutral consanguinity with the employees to avoid discrimination , deviate or unfair treatment being given to different employees. However, this had becoming a big challenge for the human resource manager because as a human being, it is not easy to remain unswervingly when a great concern, which might affecting him or someone he care, has approach to him. A good relationship management may comfort the employees and increase employees trust and loyalty towards the company part a poor relationship management may fail to solve the issues raised and demotivate the employees.To improve such relationship management skill of the human resource manager, training regarding relationship management may provide to the manager so that he place the organization benefits as the priority. The human resource manager should also listen to the employees concern first without prejudice to ensure fair treatment will be given to the employees. Besides that, communicating is a main subdivision in relationship management where effective communication builds trust whi le poor communication causes uncertainty. Hence, the human resource manager shall improve his communication skills in order to maintain proper relationship with the employees.1.6. Managing Cultural miscellanyManaging diversity is a significant challenge that most companies do not recognized or realized. It is actually important and need to pay worry on due to the globalization that resulting in internationalization nowadays. In straightaway environment, the labor involving many people from different burnishs and this including those that come from different countries, have different education background, working experiences, religious beliefs, different maturity of opinion level and perception, abilities and talent, etc. The challenges of human resource manager are to manage such cultural diversity and ensuring the people can work and collaborate together harmoniously.Human resource manager also need to rescript the corporate culture to ensure that it appropriate to all indi viduals according to different cultural sensitivity. However, the more the employees fromdifferent cultures being hired, the more difficult the human resource manager to reconcile everything in order to comfort everyone in the company. To resolve this challenge, the human resource manager needs to maintain a good relationship with all employees. He shall understand every culture well and always communicate with the employees so that he can solve any problem raised as soon as possible before the problem being expanded and causing un-retrievable situations.2.0. REFERENCESHuman Resource Management Challenges. Villanova University. Retrieved from http//www.villanovau.com/human-resource-management-challenges/. Accessed while 17/6/2014 Challenges Faced by Human Resource Managers Because of Technical Changes . Jeremy C Bradley, Demand Media. Retrieved from http//smallbusiness.chron.com/challenges-faced-human-resource-managers-because-technical-changes-61058.html. Accessed date 17/6/2014 M ajor Challenges Affecting a Human Resources Manager. Jeremy C Bradley, Demand Media. Retrieved from http//smallbusiness.chron.com/major-challenges-affecting-human-resources-manager-57675.html. Accessed date 17/6/2014 Facing Modern HR Challenges Head-On. N Nayab, Michele McDonough. Retrieved from http//www.brighthub.com/ dapple/human-resources/articles/83254.aspx. Accessed Date 21/6/2014 Major Challenges Affecting a Human Resource Manager. Ralph Heibutzi, Demand Media. Retrieved from http//everydaylife.globalpost.com/major-challenges-affecting-human-resource-manager-29113.html. Accessed Date 21/6/2014

Demographic Influences And Product Positioning

I intercommunicate about the strengths that Ryan cinch has, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as having fetchd buzz. I said that since Ryan assembly line is exaggerateing Eastwards at a steady pacing this is a strength but a afterwards virtually opinions from Maira Azzopardi and Nadine Grixti, I had come to realise that this is much of an opportunity. maria Azzopardi likewise said that the feature that the website is available in more than 20 languages is as well a strength.Nadine Grixti went oer to judge that hold backing flights over the internet is a strength , as yet after a backchat with Maria Azzopardi and Elenia Desira regarding how this is the solo way to book flight she decided that this was if fact a weakness. Maria Azzopardi and I go on to discuss that Ryan publicize avoid paying over-crowding fees and it volition similarly re main the first low- toll airlines these were identified as strengths. Nadine Grixti act by avowing since Ryan direct does not pay back an great power in Malta, this salve costs and is a strength for Ryan Air.I said that since passengers create to pay for an bargon services even for using the restroom this is a weakness for Ryan Air and similarly the fact that profits decreased could in addition prove to be a weakness as Ryan Air whitethorn have to hack polish on certain services or proceedss to make up for this loss. Nadine Grixti and Elenia Desira argued that since passengers must pay for their luggage this is also a sign of weakness, Nadine Grixti came up with the idea that Ryan Air should tackle into account a parcel which includes luggage on with flights.Maria Azzopardi and Elenia Desira continued to say that this should not be incumbent on(predicate) since certain groups make a motion with merely hand luggages. Maria Azzopardi said that since Ryan Air does not provide adequate Human Resources policies this whitethorn lead to an unintended hands. Nadine Grixti said that the website is the only means of booking flights which is once again a weakness. I spoke about the fact that Ryan Air piece of tail expand into mingled round different(a) regions while still maintaining low costs, we all agree that this was an opportunity.Moreover we all discussed other opportunities much(prenominal) as the new fleet of airplanes and the steady expansion of Ryan Air into the East. Finally we discussed that since Ryan Air collects a lot of information from passengers, they may utilize this data to target customers even better. Nadine Grixti started discussing banes namely that if the petroleum value continues to airlift and reach $150 per barrel this could lead to a situation where Ryan Air does not make any profits. Another threat is the fact that other airlines may choose to enter low cost markets we all agreed on this.Maria Azzopardi came up with the idea that if other airlines acquire smaller one and only(a) Ryan Air may face threats, we then discussed the set up that this may have on Ryan Air. Nadine Grixti spoke about the imminent threat that a intensify in CEO may have as it testament take some getting partd to for the whole organisation. Elenia Desira and I said that the spheric recession and past factors much(prenominal) as folk 11th and Islandic venthole ash is also a threat and this is a threat since some plenty may be less uncoerced to travel and peradventure even scared to travel.Moreover an increase in shock storms or volcano ash may cause airports to shut down and this may cancel certain flights. In conclusion we discussed all the factors bring to organise analysis. The coming together went well and we managed to disused all that we had plan indoors the agenda. On most factors we were all in agreement whilst other took some discussions. We all discussed that the factors that influence the Ryanairs demography are age, occupation, average income, lifestyles, religion, race, culture, render rate and death rate.M oreover, we all agreed that such factors have various implications for Ryanair, for example Maria Azzopardi said that people with bold personalities and lifestyles are more likely to travel than others. I continued to say that people who charge travelling with an airplane pull up stakes definitely dismiss the idea of travelling around the world unless over land or by sea. This will therefore, decrease the revenue of Ryanair.Charmaine cull continued to say that the demography will have an influence on the workforce, meaning the people available to work, and also the wealthiness of the workforce. A discussion arose on why the workforce and the wealth of the workforce itself will influence demography. I came up with the idea that the workforce will influence the demography of Ryanair because the culture of such organisation will not be the same of that of the personnel. This will in the long run influence the demand and performance of employees.Elenia Desira stated that the oc cupation of customers will also affect the demography of Ryanair because business men or women will favor for a affordable flights which will increase profits. However, the drawback is that the more the income the customers earn the more they will be able to afford more luxurious flights such as Airmalta and British Airways, and this will ultimately decrease the profits of Ryanair. The discussion then shifted to point of intersection biting.Maria Azzopardi began to say that product lieu is delimit as how customers perceive the product or service Ryanair offers compared to other competitors. Elenia Desira continued by mentioning a market tool, the perceptual mapping, which identifies the perception of existing or potential customers on a specific product or service. Charmaine Berry stated that Ryanair would fall chthonian a low price and compute standard airline and therefore. It can therefore, be said that one of the main competitors is EasyJet because they are also sensed as having a low price and budget standard.I concluded on product positioning by stating that it is of great importance for Ryanair to make use of perceptual mapping because it would befriend the organisation to identify in which position Ryanair stands in customers mind compared to other competitive airlines. In conclusion, in this impact demographic influences and product positioning were discussed. It was a very productive meeting as we managed to discuss the topics we had planned in the agenda.Demographic Influences And Product officeI spoke about the strengths that Ryan Air has, such as having acquired buzz. I said that since Ryan Air is expanding Eastwards at a steady pace this is a strength but a after some opinions from Maira Azzopardi and Nadine Grixti, I had come to realise that this is more of an opportunity. Maria Azzopardi also said that the fact that the website is available in more than 20 languages is also a strength.Nadine Grixti went over to say that booking fli ghts over the internet is a strength , however after a discussion with Maria Azzopardi and Elenia Desira regarding how this is the only way to book flight she decided that this was if fact a weakness. Maria Azzopardi and I continued to discuss that Ryan Air avoid paying congestion fees and it will also remain the first low-cost airlines these were identified as strengths. Nadine Grixti continued by saying since Ryan Air does not have an office in Malta, this saved costs and is a strength for Ryan Air.I said that since passengers have to pay for an extra services even for using the restroom this is a weakness for Ryan Air and also the fact that profits decreased could also prove to be a weakness as Ryan Air may have to cut down on certain services or products to make up for this loss. Nadine Grixti and Elenia Desira argued that since passengers must pay for their luggage this is also a sign of weakness, Nadine Grixti came up with the idea that Ryan Air should provide a package which includes luggage along with flights.Maria Azzopardi and Elenia Desira continued to say that this should not be obligatory since certain groups travel with only hand luggages. Maria Azzopardi said that since Ryan Air does not provide adequate Human Resources policies this may lead to an unmotivated workforce. Nadine Grixti said that the website is the only means of booking flights which is once again a weakness. I spoke about the fact that Ryan Air can expand into various other regions while still maintaining low costs, we all agreed that this was an opportunity.Moreover we all discussed other opportunities such as the new fleet of airplanes and the steady expansion of Ryan Air into the East. Finally we discussed that since Ryan Air collects a lot of data from passengers, they may use this data to target customers even better. Nadine Grixti started discussing threats namely that if the oil price continues to rise and reach $150 per barrel this could lead to a situation where Ryan Air does not make any profits.Another threat is the fact that other airlines may choose to enter low cost markets we all agreed on this. Maria Azzopardi came up with the idea that if other airlines acquire smaller one Ryan Air may face threats, we then discussed the effects that this may have on Ryan Air. Nadine Grixti spoke about the imminent threat that a change in CEO may have as it will take some getting used to for the whole organisation.Elenia Desira and I said that the global recession and past factors such as September 11th and Islandic Volcano ash is also a threat and this is a threat since some people may be less willing to travel and perhaps even scared to travel. Moreover an increase in snow storms or volcano ash may cause airports to shut down and this may cancel certain flights. In conclusion we discussed all the factors contributing to SWOT analysis. The meeting went well and we managed to disused all that we had planned within the agenda. On most factors we were all in agreement whilst other took some discussions.Minutes for showdown 2Subject Demographic influences and Product positioningWe all discussed that the factors that influence the Ryanairs demography are age, occupation, average income, lifestyles, religion, race, culture, birth rate and death rate. Moreover, we all agreed that such factors have various implications for Ryanair, for example Maria Azzopardi said that people with adventurous personalities and lifestyles are more likely to travel than others. I continued to say that people who fear travelling with an airplane will definitely discard the idea of travelling around the world unless over land or by sea.This will therefore, decrease the revenue of Ryanair. Charmaine Berry continued to say that the demography will have an influence on the workforce, meaning the people available to work, and also the wealth of the workforce. A discussion arose on why the workforce and the wealth of the workforce itself will influence demography. I came up with the idea that the workforce will influence the demography of Ryanair because the culture of such organisation will not be the same of that of the personnel.This will ultimately influence the motivation and performance of employees. Elenia Desira stated that the occupation of customers will also affect the demography of Ryanair because business men or women will opt for a low-cost flights which will increase profits. However, the drawback is that the more the income the customers earn the more they will be able to afford more luxurious flights such as Airmalta and British Airways, and this will ultimately decrease the profits of Ryanair.The discussion then shifted to product positioning. Maria Azzopardi began to say that product positioning is defined as how customers perceive the product or service Ryanair offers compared to other competitors. Elenia Desira continued by mentioning a marketing tool, the perceptual mapping, which identifies the perception of existing or potential customers on a specific product or service. Charmaine Berry stated that Ryanair would fall under a low price and budget standard airline and therefore.It can therefore, be said that one of the main competitors is EasyJet because they are also perceived as having a low price and budget standard. I concluded on product positioning by stating that it is of great importance for Ryanair to make use of perceptual mapping because it would help the organisation to identify in which position Ryanair stands in customers mind compared to other competitive airlines. In conclusion, in this meeting demographic influences and product positioning were discussed. It was a very productive meeting as we managed to discuss the topics we had planned in the agenda.

Sound and Sense

By Alexander Pope Alexander Popes Sound and superstar explains true poetry stems from the go for of both meter and wording to honour the meaning and theme of the poem. Pope demonstrates his point of view by meticulously creating loud and soft phonetics to echo the sense of the poem and evoke naturalistic imagery. Alexander Pope explains in Sound and signified that The goodly must(prenominal) seen an echo to the sense, this advice is reflected in distinctions 9-12. When Ajax strives some rocks vast weight to discombobulate describes a sense of Ajaxs powerful and athletic composition. The 10 syllable line displays the strength in iambic pentameter which reflects Ajaxs balanced poise. The hard vowel sound sounds in the line Ajax, weight, strives and throw alludes to vigor and force. These words qualify the bruteness of Ajax, a Greek warrior, who is glamorized for his powerful physique. Popes use of sound to create sense gives evidence of his advice.Popes utilization of rough p honetics is juxapostioned against his use of soft sounds to describe Camilla. Camilla, a legendary queen renowned for her stronghold of feet, is reflected through the implementation of soft sounds and limited punctuation in these lines when swift Camilla scours the plain, Flies oer the unbending corn, and skims the main. Words much(prenominal) as swift and skim evoke smooth, light and quick movements. The earshot fluently reads over the lines, reflecting the athletic grace of Camilla.Popes purposeful diction indicates a transition in the imagery from hard to soft. Therefore, the reader slew observe that Pope follows his advice. Alexander Popes Sound and Sense is written with intricate detail challenging his fellow colleagues to expand their poetical techniques. Each word and punctuation is meant to evoke an emotional sense into the reader, creating deeper symbolization in the poem. Sound is essential in the interpretation of theme in the poem. Pope illustrates his point of vi ew by displaying skilled phonetic techniques.

Brief History of PepsiCo

PepsiCo is mavin of the most in(predicate) beverage and snack provender business in the world. The federation lie in of Frito Lay Co., Pepsi-Cola Co., and Tropicana Products.PepsiCo was funded in 1965 by Donald M. Kendall Pepsi-Cola president, and Herman W. Lay, president of Frito-Lay.Caleb Bradham, a New Bern, N.C. pharmacist, created pepsi-Cola in 1890. Frito-Lay, Inc. was formed by the 1961 merger of the Frito Company, founded by Elmer Doolin in 1932, and the H. W. Lay Company, founded by Herman W. Lay, also in 1932.In 1998 PepsiCo acquires Tropicana Products from Seagram Company Ltd. Anthony Rossi founded Tropicana in 1947.Frito-Lay, Inc was funded in 1961, by merging of The Frito Company and H.W. Lay Company. identical a shot, Frito-Lay brands nonice for 40% of the world, snack microchip indus accentuate, and 56% of the U.S. industry.Often, Frito-Lay Company crops be retiren by local names (Matutano in Spain, Walkers in the United Kingdom and otherwises.)Caleb Bradh am founded pepsi-Cola in 1890. Brand Pepsi and other Pepsi-Cola results banknote for nearly maven-third of total soft drink sales in the United States, a consumer grocery store totalling virtually $58 billion. foreign the United States, Pepsi-Cola beverages ar available in about 160 countries.Today Pepsi-Cola products account for about a quarter of all soft drinks deputise internationally. The fraternity has also launch operations in the emerging foodstuffs of the Czechoslovakian Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Russia, where Pepsi-Cola was the first U.S. consumer product to be food commercialiseplaceed.Pepsi-Cola provides ad, merchandising, sales and promotional support to Pepsi-Cola bottlers and food serving customers. This includes some of the worlds crush and most recognized advertising. New advertising and exciting promotions keep Pepsi-Cola brands young.Anthony Rossi founded Tropicana in 1947. The confederation entered the concentrate orange succus b usiness in 1949, registering Tropicana as a trademark.In 1954 Rossi pi one(a)ered a pasteurization process for orange succus. For the first sequence, consumers could enjoy the taste of pure not-from-concentrate one C% Florida orange juice in a ready-to-serve package.The company went public in 1957, was secured by Beatrice Foods Co. in 1978, acquired by Kohlberg Kravis & Roberts in 1986 and sold to The Seagram Company Ltd. in 1988. Seagram purchased the Dole global juice business in 1995. PepsiCo acquired Tropicana, including the Dole juice business, in August 1998.Today, Tropicana is the worlds largest marketer and producer of branded juices with products available in 50 countries worldwide.The Pest Analysis identifies the political, sparing, social a technological influences on an organization. The production distri exactlyion and use of many of PepsiCo product atomic number 18 thing to various federal laws, much(prenominal) as the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, the occupa tional Safety and Health Act ad the Americans with Disabilities. The businesses are also cause to state, local and foreign laws. The international businesses are subject to the Government perceptual constancy in the countries where PepsiCo is trying shit into (underdeveloped markets). The federal, state, local and foreign surroundingsal laws and regulations. The businesses are also subject to de taxation policy in each solid ground they are operating. They also control to comply with federal, state, local and foreign environmental laws and regulations. The companies are subject to the harvest of the black square that they use in their snack foods, soft drink and juice, akin corn, oranges, grapefruit, vegetables, potatoes, etc. Because of they rely on trucks to move and distribute many of their products, fuel is also an important subject, so they are subject to the fuel prize fluctuation, and to possible fuel crisis. run in International Markets involves exposure to volati le movements in foreign ex tilt rates. The economic impact of foreign exchange rates movements on them is multiform because such changes are often tie in to variability in veritable growth, inflation, inte suspension rates, governmental actions and other federal agents. PepsiCo is also subject to other economical factors a homogeneous(p) money supply, energy availability and cost, business cycles, etc. PepsiCo and entirely Pepsi is subject to the lifestyle changes, because of it bases her advertising campaigns in a concrete mixed bag of people with an special lifestyle, it is for that PepsiCo has to fabricate a special attention on the lifestyle changes. Particularly in the United States Pepsi drinkers are very defined, at that place is a kind of people who drinks Pepsi another kind who drinks Coca-Cola, it is for that they apply to pay attention to the social mobility for not losing a possible market. Taking into account that PepsiCo is trying to break in itself in un derdeveloped markets, they cast off to be measured with the possible puzzles with the governments of this countries, and with the problems could rise from PepsiCo act with the people of this countries. PepsiCo is subject to impertinently techniques of manufacturing, for their terzetto business sectors, snack food, juices and soft drinks. It has to pay attention to the new distribution techniques. And they have to fix their attention in the competency developed, to know about the new products.The Porters Diamond Analysis tries to explain the belligerent Advantage of Nations. in that location are four-spot attributes of a nation correspond Porters Diamond of national advantage, they areThe basic factor conditions are natural resources, climate, location, the much advanced factor conditions are clever labour, infrastructure and technology.There are some of these factors that can be obtained by any company (like unskilled labour and altogether materials) and, hence, do not ge nerate sustained competitive advantage.Even though, we have to aim into account that specialized factors involve a heavy and sustained coronation, we have to know that if we are able to achieve them, we could generate a competitive advantage. round of the factor conditions PepsiCo has to throw into account, in each inelegant where they want to introduce are Interest rate. (Short term, long term).We have to know that the nature of a country demand makes PepsiCo dependent on them.For example if in one country exists a sophisticated demand, these customers pressure firms to be competitive. Is for that, firms that face a sophisticate domestic market are likely to sell superordinate products because the market demands towering quality and a nasty proximity to such customers enable the firm to better understand the needs of the customers, in the akin way it is easier spread their firms in the global market. or so of the demand conditions PepsiCo has to take into account en the co untries where they want to introduce are And with competitors are established in the country.For any company it is really important the Related and financial backing Industry. Knowing who are the range of suppliers, and the link up industries, is necessary for deciding where we have to place our company.In some cases the concentration of related and supporting industries make the concentration of the similar industries in the comparable areas. Some advantages and disadvantages of locating close to your rival may beSome advantages to locating close to your rivals may beo Potential technology knowledge spillovers,o An connectedness of a region on the part of consumers with a product and high quality and therefore some market power, oro An fellowship of a region on the part of applicable labour force.Some disadvantages to locating close to your rivals areo Potential poaching of your employees by rival companies ando Obvious augment in competition by chance decreasing mark-ups. Concerning to the strategy and the structure of the firm, they would be conditioned by the tradition of the country. There are different management styles in each country, and withal they vary depending on the industry.PepsiCo has to study the different styles of management, for acting in the best way in each country, adapting its strategy and its structure as furthest as possible.As far as possible the rivalry, in frequent is better the national than the international. In the case of PepsiCo (Pepsi) for them it is more advisable that when they are introducing in a new market, its main rival (Coca-Cola) not be positioned or at least it is not to absolute attraction of the market.We do the said(prenominal) analysis for the three different markets of PepsiCo the soft drink market, the snacks market and the chilled orange juice market. We treated the three markets as a the same industry, with some exceptions as the competenceEstablished brands with a lot of intimacy in the mar ket that a have a good telephone line of distribution. The brands deliver the products directly to the supermarket, this elbow room that is necessary a expectant company structure (lorries, warehouses, producing plants, etc.) to arrive at retailers and supermarkets, all of this requires a big investment of money.Well looks that at first sight, suppliers are not a problem because its easy to determine potatoes, corn and oil suppliers. The problem that we rule here is the possibility of variability of prices in the raw materials caused for example by a bad year of harvesting, or there is another gas pedal crisis. Also in some countries that have not petrol normally fuel petrol is more expensive and the fuel suppliers have an oligopoly of the market.Considering that buyers are the final consumers, we can assure that in this markets the consumers get used at one kind of taste, and they have this products for the importance of the brand, its a marketing issue as well.In these thre e markets is kind of difficult to find substitutes. More than substitutes we can talk more of fashion, trends, or costumers tastes. Suddenly people stop has orange juice for breakfast and take more milk or coffee in mornings. Its quite difficult to find a substitute for these products because normally the people get used at one kind of taste of cola for example, wherefore is very difficult to try to adapt the public to a new cola.Well these three markets are really full of rivalry.First there is the Cola market where Coca-Cola owns an incredible 51% market per centum, followed far off Pepsi with a 21% of market share, is very difficult to pe crystallizerate in this market.Then there is the Snack market where Lays have the 40% of market share, the second most important brand is Procter &Gamble (P&G), in this market the shares are more distributed, but let off being two majors competitors that have most of the market.An at the last we have the orange succus market, this maybe is the most lax market, there is a lot of competence and there is not a major brand that controls all the market. There are three important brands that have more market share, like Tropicana Coca-Cola Company and Chiquita.Because the company is in a competitive environment is not possible to recover the increasing be with a higher set of the final products. For this causation PepsiCo have special way to purchase the raw materials. They use futures contracts for cover different fluctuation in the raw material market (Primarily oil, corn, fuel, etc.) is like speculate with the market.In orange tree juice products, they only use non-concentrate orange juice for creates a very tasty and sanitary product completely natural.Pepsi they just create the liquid that is sold to the bottlers, these bottlers indeed they can the liquid and consequently is sold to the costumers. PepsiCo owns at same time shares from the four bottlers companies. In fact in the past PepsiCo owned Pepsi Bottling Group, and had as a franchise Pepcom industries INC companies.PepsiCo use the system direct store distribution. This implies that PepsiCo products are delivered to the retailer and put it directly to the shelves, this provide a considerable business control to PepsiCo, and reduce work to the retailers and that fact divide more advantage over most competitors.This is a very powerful pecker that PepsiCo use. It would be developed in another chapter.We can consider that the service that makes PepsiCo value is the direct store distribution explained before.Here PepsiCo uses economies of scale.Also the raw materials are bought in future contract to prevent higher cost in the future because the high prices of the raw materials.More than Technology suppuration we can talk of costumer preferences. Is very important to know what the costumers prefers and wants, therefore is necessary to study the costumers behaviour. For example Tropicana Twister shelf-stable juice products had a very important volume growth because the PepsiCo relaunched the brand in 1.75 plastic bottles kinda of smaller glass bottles. This provides to the costumers more value and convenience.Benefits At PepsiCos Worldwide headquarters Bonus opportunities at many levels Eligibility for railway line options for almost all positionsThe PepsiCo crease option plan is called SharePower. Here are some of the details at once eligible, you receive PepsiCo stock options normally each year based on at least 10% of your prior years earnings. Share Power stock options let you purchase shares of PepsiCo stock in the future at a set price. You make money if the stock price goes up and you retard with the Company. The longer you work for the Company, the more stock options you get.Share Power is one way for PepsiCo employees to share in the success that they create.A Pension computer program fully paid for by the Company. A 401(k) Plan which allows you to save up to 15% of your pay on a pre-tax basis and invest in any publicly traded stock or bond or in any of over 200 mutual funds. A stock purchase program, allowing you to purchase PepsiCo stock through payroll deductions, with no fees or commissions.In addition, PepsiCos portfolio of benefits includes such valuable programs as Matching Charitable ContributionsCorporate Officers (Roger A. Enrico)a) Frito-Lays this product is a Cash Cow for PepsiCo it generates more cash than it needs to arrest its share market. Frito-Lays is the leader of its market, and it has its principal competitor very far in the market share. PepsiCo should maintain this product, in the same way, and invest its earnings in other company products.b) Tropicana it is a question mark for PepsiCo, it is, due to, it is a new acquisition, and although it is a product leader in its market, PepsiCo has to invest in Tropicana for achieving a bigger market share, and for trying to subjoin the international market share.c) Pepsi it is very difficult place to Pepsi, i n one of the squares, because in injure of it generates more cash than it needs to maintain its share market, it is not the leader of its market, and we can neither considerate it as a star product, because of the same reason, them it probably could be place, in the middle of the matrix.PepsiCo had reduce the total net sales in 2,000 millions $ during the 1999, this was due to PepsiCo sold the bottling company. But at same time the total sales from the three Business (Snacks, Soft Drinks, Orange Juice) had increase in 4,000 millions $. This means that the company his growing in the markets.Because the sell of the bottling Company the total cost and expenses reduced in 2,000 millions of $. Because the reduced costs and the growth of the net sales in the Snacks, soft drinks, and Orange juice, the company had at the end of the 1999 more profit. (Source 1999 Annual report of PepsiCo)Resuming PepsiCo had in 1999 a total net income of 2,050 millions $ more or less the same as at 1997 (2 ,142 millions of $), but with the difference that in 1999 they stop earning money with the bottling company. This means now the company generates more profit. (Source 1999 Annual report of PepsiCo)Is necessary to accentuate as well that PepsiCo reduced a lot one of the big loans that he had due to PepsiCo didnt has the necessity of borrowing money. The loan had an do of 4,53 millions $ and was reduced to 1,55 millions $ in 1999. (Source 1999 Annual report of PepsiCo)PepsiCos earnings per share jumped 17% in the third quarter ended September 2 to $.40 from a pro forma $.34 in the prior year, the fourth serial double-digit gain. Revenues grew 7% to $4.9 billion, reflecting quick volume growth in worldwide snacks and juices. Operating profit grew 12% to $826 million as every division generated double-digit growth.Roger Enrico, chairman, said Four consecutive quarters of double-digit EPS growth confirm that PepsiCo today is strong and getting stronger. We are fulfilling our goal of delivering healthy earnings gains generated by volume growth crossways our portfolio.This means the company is going well but is not whirl more dividends to the shareholders, after some bad years now the company is having n important growing. And this depart be reflected in the dividends during the next years.PepsiCo instantly it is a very strong Company with no financial problems, and with three important brands. Where Frito-Lays is a very Strong brand, World leader in sells in the world snack chip industry, with a 40% of the market share. (Source 1999 PepsiCo Annual report)In the last 3 years the company had increase his sales (without bottling operations) in a 33% since 1997. (Source 1999 PepsiCo Annual report)Pepsi maybe is one of the weakness of PepsiCo, due that is really far away from the leader Coca-Cola in the international market. Pepsi-Cola is the second largest soft drink Company with a 21% of volume, far from the terrific 51% of volume of Coca-Cola.The net sales of PepsiCo had increase in the last 3 years, this is important but is necessary to say that is due the increase in sales only in USA, PepsiCo didnt growth so much in the international market, what is happening then that only growing in USA.New markets are beginning to open in the world (China, mainly in Asia).The opportunity to enter in the markets where the competence is not established provided.For example in China, China is the country with more population in the world, enter in the Chinese market and establish there before the competence arrive can give to PepsiCo a great opportunity to success in the future.The problem that in these new markets the products of PepsiCo will not have a good incur by the Asian consumers. The flavours of the products are not really adequate for these countries.Roger Enrico will leave the direction of PepsiCo in 2 years, this can create a little situation of panic inside the Company.The increase the prices of the raw materials or the fuel can cause a n increase of the costs, and in the business environment that PepsiCo live is not possible to increase the product price because is a very competitive environment.Until now PepsiCo brand image was very linked to Pepsi image, which has label of second best brand.But in the last four years, that has changed, they have tried to lost the label of loser, linking its image to the rest of firms company, that have a strong brand image in their markets. They have achieve that through advertising campaigns where appeared together with other PepsiCo Brands.During the last decennary Pepsi had a war with Coca-Cola, in which Pepsi always lost. In the last introduce (since the arrival of Enrico) PepsiCo decides move away from that war, for focusing in its own problems.another(prenominal) step in the new strategy was the acquisition of the leader companies in related markets, for achieving a new image of powerful and consolidated corporation.In other way PepsiCo is giving a corporation image, whi ch is committed with subjects like racial and sex discrimination, and environmental problems. All that through the special programs pore on each area.In the last four year PepsiCo has suffered melodic theme changes in its internal structure and in its market strategies.All these changes were propitiated by the arrival in the direction of R. Enrico, who implemented a radical change in PepsiCos mentality.He made very important decisions like to come off the restaurants (Pizza Hut & KFC) and the bottlers, due to they were a heavy weighting for the company.Although they were come off them, they follow linked to PepsiCo through strategic alliances, it is to say, that the restaurants still sell PepsiCo products and the bottlers follow bottling Pepsi. Moreover PepsiCo has a minority percent of share of these companies.Other important decisions that Enrico made were the strategic acquisitions of leader companies in related markets, like Tropicana and Mountain Drew.These acquired companies have given to PepsiCo as much profits as stronger company brand image of New PepsiCo.After analysing PepsiCo we have noticed that in spite of the company has increase its net product sales, that is not a real increase because the sales have increased due to the new acquisitions, and not because of the increase of the products, which already existed in the company. For this reason we recommended that, they should consolidate its old product and try to increase they sales.Another section, where we would like to make a recommendation, it is into the international section of PepsiCo, we think that they are too focused in the U.S. (although it is true that it is the market where they have biggest volume of sales), but they should try to consolidate in the international markets, and as well to try to penetrate in undeveloped markets, where its competitors are not established yet (i.e. Chinese market).

Childhood and Young People

Explain how a solution focused approach go forth encourage tiddlerren and juvenile people to have a positive expected value on their lives. A solution focused approach is about look at the present and the future, it helps baberen to look at what is happening in their lives instantly and whether they are happy that things are heading in the right direction, if this is non the case then it enables children to be able to work out what need to be changed and start working towards the goals they necessity to achieve.This can help children and young people to have a positive outlook on their lives by allowing them to see that even if things arent that great at the moment in that locations always their future (which can be whatever they want it to be) to look forward to. 4. 4 Explain the importance of informing applicable people when there are concerns about a child or young persons health or well being. The child protection and welfare policies in my setting states that i mus t name any concerns that i may have around a childs health and well being. If i was to not report the concerns elevated then this could have a big impact on the child.The in the first place concerns are spotted and raise, the easier they are to be dealt with and the smaller the impact on the child, same as the longer it takes for concerns to be spotted and raised, the harder they are to be dealt with and the bigger the impact on the child. For example if i were to notice that a child was attending nursery and feeling extra hungry than usual, this would be a welfare concern as being underfed (if this is the case) leave behind have an number on the childs health, it will effect concentration which will affect the overall performance of the child.My concerns would be raised with the manager and this would be monitored and pointed before raising the issue with parents. 4. 5 Record concerns about a child or young persons health or well being following prize procedures. So far dur ing my placement i have not had to record any concerns about a child but if a office occurred where this needed to happen i would first raise my concerns with the manager.

Kfc and the Global Fast-Food Industry in 2003-2004

KFC and the ball-shaped Fast-Food Industry in 2003-2004 Course MGT 710 pic 1. Executive Summary This topic analyzes the grocery place situation of the major U. S. fast-food firms in Latin America in 2004 from the perspective of the KFC Corporation. By analyzing g all overnmental, frugal, heathenish, logistical, and competitive forces, a potential dodge for KFC to successfully establish a sozzled determine in primal and s come inhernmost America is proposed. through and through a thorough digest, it was determined that KFC should establish wholly-owned subsidiaries in Mexico and brazil nut to manage operations in rally and south America, respectively. afterwards a blind drunk place is established in these countries, KFC should then exculpated franchises in interchange America, genus Argentina, Colombia, Venezuela, and Chile. 2. Problem 1. Expanding into Latin America From 1993 to 2002, KFC dominated the white-livered segment of the U. S. fast-food foodstuff. Their market sh are, however, decreased by 13. 4% over that 10 year period (Exhibit 4, 553). As the fast-food market matured, firms began to heighten on globalisation to continue growth. By early 2004, 56% of KFCs restaurants were outside of the U. S. (558).Their initial focus was on Mexico, Puerto Rico, and the Caribbean, where they established command among antagonists. Their struggle was in expanding beyond those markets. In their attempt to expand into fundamental and southernmost America, KFC was met with legion(predicate) challenges. more Latin Ameri asshole markets had not adopted the fast-food concept and preferred a more leisurely dining experience. The intense competition with major U. S. fast-food imprisonment made it very risky to read a new(a) market. The geographicalal distance from the corporate offices made it difficult to view as standards and quality.To continue growth, KFC would moderate to climb a strategy to overcome these obstacles and expand int o these markets. 2. Strengthening define in Central America KFC initially expanded into Mexico, Puerto Rico, and the Caribbean due to geographic proximity and alive political and stinting ties to the U. S. They were able to establish dominance in these markets because they had first-mover advantage and the local cultures accepted the fast-food concept. To further expand into Central America, KFC impart take a leak to grow a strategy to supplement their strong stupefys in Mexico and the Caribbean.They get out have to consider factors such as the business organization model, global integration, depicted object responsiveness, and mitigating risk. 3. Breaking into South America KFC had attempted to put in brazil, with limited success. Political, economic, and cultural challenges had prevented KFC from gaining a foothold, and subsequently forced them to pull out of the market. Other countries in South America had little competitive presence, however had signifi slewt barr iers to entry. In addition, the farther away the countries are from the corporate offices, the more expensive and logistically difficult the operation becomes.To enter these markets, KFC would have to carefully conceive its options to establish a presence and palliate risk. 3. Analysis 1. Industry analysis 1. Basic economic characteristics Latin America is home to more than 550 cardinal people. It has an aggregate gross domestic product of more than $4 trillion. traffic pattern 1 shows that brazil and Mexico have the juicyest GDP. However, Argentina, Chile, and Costa Rica have the racyest GDP per capita. pic Figure 1 Latin America GDP (Source http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Latin_America) 2. Competition In oecumenic, Central America and Brazil are the markets most penetrated by the larger-than-life U.S. fast-food chains. McDonalds is the overriding competitor in Latin America, with 584 stores in Brazil, 261 stores in Mexico, and 203 stores in Argentina. KFC fol modests with 274 stores in Mexico and 134 stores in the Caribbean. Burger King operates 163 stores in Puerto Rico and 154 stores in Mexico. Wendys only operates 143 stores in all of Latin America (Exhibit 6, 559). To assess the competitive landscape, Porters Five Forces model nominate be used, as shown in Figure 2. For KFC, the heightsest take aims of competitive rivalry are in Central America and Brazil. nearly of South America, with the exception of Brazil, has relatively modest penetration. The threat of new entrants is steep within any market, as all of the major competitors are vying for the standardised markets. The threat of substitute products is alike generally high, since fast-food chains must postulate with established local restaurants that already cater to the local tastes and customs. The bargaining indicator of customers is medium in more conditioned countries such as Brazil, Mexico, and Argentina where customers are slight price sensitive.In less developed Latin Amer i croupe countries, however, the bargaining power is high where most customers cannot afford high prices. The bargaining power of suppliers is medium in most countries where there arent a large amount of imports, besides high in countries like Mexico and Brazil. pic Figure 2 Porters Five Forces (Source http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Porter_5_forces_analysis) 3. Factors driving interchange As Latin American countries become more developed, they begin to adopt more global brands. As the internet penetrates these markets, users become exposed to global brands.Cultures begin to change as the world becomes a global market. age they do economise local tastes and values, people begin to separate from traditions and become more modern. As economies become more developed, people begin to adopt the on-the-go life style that we are accustomed to in the U. S. As countries like the U. S. drive globalization to contrary markets, trade barriers are often pull outd and countries begin to ad opt international firms. 4. Relative strength of firms As previously stated, McDonalds has the strongest position with 1,605 stores in Latin America.KFC follows with 650 stores, followed by Burger King and Wendys. McDonalds is dominant in South America, while KFC controls Central America. 5. Rivals next moves The most significant acquisition of broadside is McDonalds purchase of Boston market place in 2000. Boston grocery store caters to the growing trend for healthy fast-food, as well as the casual, ride atmosphere that is popular in Latin America. While Boston Market does not have any presence in Latin America, McDonalds could decide to leverage alert resources to expand there. 6. Critical success factors totally franchise corporations are concerned with standards and consistency between units. While accepted factors can differ from one region to the next, a general aim of consistency is infallible with regards to product quality and taste. It is critical that service and cleanliness are upheld to a high level of quality. Particularly in Latin American markets, the menus may need to be diversified and incorporate local flavors. With the corking distance between Latin American markets and corporate headquarters, effectively execution of instrument logistics, distribution, and operations is critical to success.Effectively managing resources and keeping costs low will excessively be critical when entering new markets. With the political and economic events that may occur, the firm must be resilient to changes in the parsimony and trade regulations. Firms should seek to establish relationships with local governments in order to defend their interests abroad. 2. Strategic planning for foreign market entry 1. Identifying companys objective in foreign market entry The first step in evolution KFCs Latin American strategy is to identify the objectives for entering new markets.Some sources to enter new markets would be to exploit an untapped market, a ccomplish a competitive advantage, secure essential raw materials and distribution channels, and elusion costs by employing inexpensive labor. Currently, KFC has a large presence in Mexico and the Caribbean. This gives them a launching point to enter nearby markets. The nearby Central American countries have a relatively low presence from the large fast-food firms. The Central American region is home to approximately 40 trillion people. According to Figure 1, the Central American nations have a GDP of approximately $173 billion.This region has a considerably sized market, relatively low penetration, and proximity to KFCs large presence in Mexico, making it sublime for entry. Brazil is the largest and most coveted market in Latin America. Unfortunately, McDonalds has a large competitive advantage with 584 stores. KFC has failed in the past to enter this market, but the opportunity is still there. Establishing a position in this market would allow KFC to power investments in other South American markets. While they may not be able to dominate the market, it is a strategical location that would act as the locus for all South American operations.Argentina and Chile have $445B and $161B GDP, respectively, making them large attractive markets. They as well have the highest GDP per capita in Latin America. While McDonalds has a relatively strong position in these countries, there should still be opportunity for KFC to capitalize on. Other South American countries, such as Paraguay, and Uruguay, Have little competitive presence and a relatively low GDP. These countries may not have strategic value to the company. 2. Preliminary boorish screening After determining the objectives for severally country, an analysis of advantages and attractiveness can be performed.To determine national competitive advantages, Porters infield model is used, shown in Figure 3. Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, and Chile stand out as the most developed Latin American countries. T his indicates that advanced factor endowments such as infrastructure, skilled labor, and technology should be readily available. Demand conditions should also be most favorable in the countries with the highest GDP, as an active deliverance tends to increase demand for on-the-go meals. The most significant supporting industry is the domestic fowl industry.According to the USDA, Brazil, Mexico, and Argentina have the largest poultry industries in the region. pic Figure 3 National Competitive Advantage (Source http//www. teagasc. ie/research/reports/foodprocessing/4984/eopr-4984. htm) 3. Risks in foreign markets In all Latin American countries, there is a high degree of political risk, due to the propensity of corruption and instability in governments. This is apparent even in the more developed Latin American countries. Many Latin American countries restrict the import of foreign goods, or give preferential treatment to adjacent countries.In addition, the distance from existing pro duction and distribution channels imposes a great risk to the provision of goods to the more southern countries in the region. One of the main company factors is the dearth of skilled labor and high rate of turnover in Latin American markets. For KFC to succeed in any Latin American market, they will need to increase employee retention through training or benefits. 4. Capabilities, resources, and skills needed to succeed in foreign markets The key success factors were described in Section 3. 1. 6.It is important to note that the farther away the country is from existing trade channels, the more difficult it will be for KFC to control quality, standards, distribution, and logistics. Also, the less developed nations will be more susceptible to economic and political events that could devastate KFCs interest in the market. 5. Fulfilling key success factors KFCs key strength is their established dominance in Mexico. This position provides many financial and political benefits due to th e NAFTA treaty. It also provides them with a strategic position to enter nearby Central American markets.They do not have established trade channels in most of South America, so it will be difficult for them to manage operations without a strong presence in at least one market. This is the main reason why Brazil is a key market to enter. Being that KFC is such a large company within an even larger involved of fast-food chains, the firm should be able to withstand political or economic changes and a loss of revenue during the development stage. Overall, KFC fulfills the key success factors in Central America, but will need to establish a position in at least one major South American market in order to expand there. . Entering the target markets In determining how to enter the target markets, the level of global integration vs. national responsiveness should be assessed. Figure 4 shows the various strategies that can be employed given the appropriate level of integration and responsi veness. The markets in Latin America should be similar enough for KFC to keep menus, processes, and standards consistent crosswise all markets. Pricing and advertising may differ depending on the level of economic development and communications infrastructure in each nation.In addition, KFC would need to implement different business models depending on the proximity, size of the market, and cultural uniqueness. For this reason, KFC should implement a transnational strategy that would keep many aspects consistent, but some aspects unique between various markets. pic Figure 4 Global Integration vs. National Responsiveness 7. Compare and rank targeted countries From the analysis performed, each Latin American market considered was ranked based on the variables discussed. By comparing GDP, geographic proximity, population, and relative penetration of competitors, put over 1 shows the countries scored and ranked. economy Competition Proximity Market size Presence Total Mexico 12 12 1 3 12 13 62 Brazil 13 13 7 13 4 50 Caribbean 5 7 11 8 12 43 Puerto Rico 6 11 12 2 11 42 Central America 3 9 10 10 9 41 Colombia 10 5 8 11 6 40 Argentina 11 10 3 10 4 38 Venezuela 7 8 9 6 5 35 Chile 9 6 4 5 8 32 Peru 8 3 5 7 7 30 Ecuador 4 4 6 4 10 28 Paraguay 1 2 2 3 4 12 Uruguay 2 2 1 1 4 10 Table 1 Results of market analysis 4. Recommendations 1. Markets to enterFrom the results of the analysis performed, KFC should operate company-owned units in Mexico, Puerto Rico, and the Caribbean where it already has a strong position. It should then open franchises in Central American markets to mitigate risk until a strong position can be established, at which point KFC should buy back the successful franchises. KFC should develop a wholly-owned subsidiary in Brazil and aggressively establish a strong foothold. This is not only one of the most attractive markets it is also a critical strategic location to be the headquarters of South American operations. once a strong position is established in Brazil, KFC should open franchises or joint-ventures in Colombia, Argentina, Venezuela, and Chile. Given the relatively low scores, KFC should not consider expanding further into Peru, Ecuador, Paraguay, or Uruguay. Although KFC already has operations in Peru and Ecuador, they are not strategically valuable and should be closed or interchange if they are not consistently profitable. 2. Strategy for entry 1. Corporate strategy At the corporate level, KFC should focus on developing wholly-owned subsidiaries to act as the regional headquarters in Mexico and Brazil.This would allow KFC to centralize control over standards, quality, process, and distribution within those regions. This tiered structure would lessen the burden on KFCs U. S. corporate management and provide more specialized management to those local markets. To offset regional events that may affect all of Latin America, KFC should also consider entering markets in Europe and Asia. If an economic misfor tune were to hit Brazil, for instance, markets in all nearby countries would be severely force as well. The YumCorporation should also consider strategies to expand its other brands into Latin America as well to leverage KFCs success. The multibrand strategy that has been so successful in the U. S. may prove successful in Latin America as well. 2. Business strategy At the business level, KFC should develop aggressive marketing strategies in countries where competitors have a strong presence. In Brazil, for instance, KFC will have to fiercely battle McDonalds to gain market share. In less developed countries, KFC should enter cautiously and focus on mitigating risk.KFC should leverage their strong global brand and target the younger generation. Through internet marketing, KFC should be able to reach the young, modern generation that has a higher bankers acceptance for the fast-food model. KFC should implement a transnational strategy in Latin America. While quality, service, and pr oducts should remain consistent throughout Latin America, KFC should develop unique strategies for marketing, pricing, and business models in each region. KFC should launch company-owned stores in high growth markets and enter the rest with franchises or joint-ventures until a strong position is established.In high growth markets, company-owned businesses would allow fixed costs to be spread across multiple restaurants, subsequently allowing for lower prices and increased margins. Franchising would leverage the expertise of local entrepreneurs with understanding of the local customs, language, and marketing strategies. This would help to mitigate the risk of entering unknown markets. 3. Functional strategy Regional franchises should larboard with the wholly-owned subsidiaries in Mexico and Brazil. These subsidiaries would control management, distribution, standards, quality assurance, and advertising for their associated franchises.The Central and South American subsidiaries should focus on developing close ties with the governments in their regions. They should lobby to remove trade barriers between nations in order to streamline distribution. They should also focus on developing ties with the local communities in order to gain acceptance from local culture. KFC should develop specialized marketing campaigns for each region, depending on the similarities in culture. They should focus on targeting the young, career-minded demographic through internet marketing.Depending on the lifestyle habits of those individuals, they should also target them through appropriate media advertising. 5. Conclusion KFC is one of the dominant players in the global fast-food industry. They have sufficient resources to launch an aggressive strategy into Latin America. By leveraging their strong position in Mexico, KFC can successfully establish a strong position in Central America. By outsourcing management of Central American firms to a wholly-owned subsidiary in Mexico, KFC will be able to streamline operations and maintain control over franchisees.Although it will be difficult, establishing a foothold in Brazil is KFCs best strategic option for entering South America. By aggressively marketing the younger demographic, KFC should be able to gain a considerable market share, even though McDonalds maintains the dominant position. Once they have been successful in Brazil and a wholly-owned subsidiary is established, KFC can then begin to expand further into South America. By implementing this general strategy and addressing the factors and risks discussed in the analysis, KFC should be able to gain substantial market share and continue to grow the firm.