The Impact of E-Commerce on the US Labour Market Dissertation

The Impact of E-Commerce on the US Labour Market - Dissertation Example Moreover, the leading role of the US in E-Commerce might raise fears to otherin other countries for losing out their talent labours and their own competitiveness due to the global character of the revolution. Furthermore, the impact of E-Commerce on different industries or occupations is likely to be different; downward pressure in retail salespersons is perhaps more than offset by upward pressure in IT engineers, online customer service representatives and postal service carriers that E-Commerce generates. As wages, education and employment are highly correlated, E-Commerce does not only affect the labour market but also the national income level and qualifications that necessitate are needed to entering the industries. All of these factors indicate the high significance of E-Commerce to the economy and, therefore, , utilizing the full capacity of novelty could have overwhelming impacts to the aggregate economic performance; it is essential to perform a complete and precise analysis on this issue. This paper aims to look at the employment effect that E-Commerce has generated in the US, and particularly we will focus on analysing how the potential "'economy stream engine"' alters the employment structure in different industries. An industry-based approach is needed due to the fact that the diffusion of E-Commerce is of dissimilar magnitude in each industry; it is undoubtedly that the "Information" sector has been affected the most whilst the effect on "Construction" sector has been of "'second"' order. In the following section I shall summarize previous discussions and empirical literatures which are relevant to the theme. I shall then present the method that I employ in this research and refer to the pertinent economic theories... It's clear from the research that the current US administration under the President George W. Bush is no exception, and has: 1) signed the Internet Tax Moratorium and the Internet Non-Discrimination Act to make Internet access affordable for encouraging the evolution of E-Commerce; 2) kept the Internet a Duty-Free Zone to facilitate the growth of E-Commerce; 3) negotiated the â€Å"‘Cybercrime Convention†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ with another 28 countries to fight Internet criminals; 4) expanded and strengthened crucial E-Infrastructure Protection to protect E-businesses from cyber threats; 5) approved the New Federal Standard, now called the Advanced Encryption Standard. In conclusion, due to data and time limitations, this paper analyzed just only 3 industries and is subjected to errors. As the employment impacts of E-Commerce are very complex and contradictory interactions, further researches on this topic can be done by extending the industry-based approach to all 12 industries in the US. Combining results from 12 industries will give an overview of how E-Commerce alters the labor market as a whole. Moreover, developing another assessing method will also be useful to analyze the thesis from another point of views. Finally, as consumer behaviors and policies differ between countries, it would also be interesting to see the analysis being done in other big E-Economy, such as Australia and or the United Kingdom, or to conjoin 2 or more countries in one analysis for measuring the international labor flows and migrations begotten by E-Commerce.

Classic Airlines and Marketing Essay Example for Free

Classic Airlines and Marketing Essay Classic Airlines in an airline company that has been in business for over 25 years and has gained great success within the airline industry. In the 25 years since its creation the company has grown to over 32,000 employees and has generated 10 billion dollars worth of business. Although the company has seen great success, it also is subjected to the many challenges that other airlines companies face in today’s market. Classic airlines must be able to market its product so that customers will pick there product over competitors within the industry (University of Phoenix, 2012). There are several marketing concepts that Classic airlines have applied and are using in their business. The first marketing concept that Classic airlines use is the needs, wants, and demands concept. This concept is applied by understanding the needs, wants, and demands of the customer. The way Classic airlines have done this is create a rewards program for the customer. This feels the need for a customer to get something for a reduced price. If the customer has enough miles they can upgrade to first class or stay at a Classic airlines hotel partner for a free night (Kotler Keller, 2006). The second concept that Classic airlines have applied to their business strategy is offering and brands. This concept is applied by a firm by offering benefits to a customer that fills needs and using brands that are a known commodity. The Classic airlines rewards program is a perfect example of this marketing concept. The airline offers if a customer signs up for the rewards program they will gain points which can be redeemed for free or reduced items. Although in the reading it does not state what hotel companies are partners of Classic airlines they should make sure that these hotels are name brand hotels such as Marriott or the Hilton so customers feel they are getting a premium brand (Kotler Keller, 2006). The third marketing concept that Classic airlines applies is value and satisfaction. The concept is successful if it delivers value and satisfaction to the customer. The customer must be able to choose between different options to determine what the best value is for them. Classic does this with the rewards program. It gives customers options on what value they use once they earn a certain number of miles. This is a great marketing ploy for Classic airlines because it allows the customer to feel as they have the power in the situation and they are able to pick what option is best for their situation. All three of the above marketing concepts are used by Classic in some way through the rewards program. They are very smart because they use a combination of these concepts to create the rewards program. Classic knows that they are successful as long as the customers are happy. The rewards program allows the customer to receive benefits for staying loyal to Classic airlines(Kotler Keller , 2006).

Investment Decisions In Different Insurance Policies

Investment Decisions In Different Insurance Policies There are three types of investors: conservative, moderate, and aggressive. The different types of investments also cater to the two levels of risk tolerance: high risk and low risk. Conservative investors often invest in cash. This means that they put their money in interest bearing savings accounts, money market accounts, mutual funds, US Treasury bills, and Certificates of Deposit. These are very safe investments that grow over a long period of time. These are also low risk investments. Moderate investors often invest in cash and bonds, and may dabble in the stock market. Moderate investing may be low or moderate risks. Moderate investors often also invest in real estate, providing that it is low risk real estate. Aggressive investor is an investor who is willing to accept a higher degree of investment risk in exchange for a chance to earn a higher rate of return. Investment risk is the volatility of investment returns. A basic investing principle states that a higher degree of investment risk is required to earn a potential higher rate of return. What is insurance Meaning of Insurance Insurance provides financial protection against a loss arising out of happening of an uncertain event. A person can avail this protection by paying premium to an insurance company. A pool is created through contributions made by persons seeking to protect themselves from common risk. Premium is collected by insurance companies which also act as trustee to the pool. Any loss to the insured in case of happening of an uncertain event is paid out of this pool. Insurance works on the basic principle of risk-sharing. A great advantage of insurance is that it spreads the risk of a few people over a large group of people exposed to risk of similar type. Definition Insurance is a contract between two parties whereby one party agrees to undertake the risk of another in exchange for consideration known as premium and promises to pay a fixed sum of money to the other party on happening of an uncertain event (death) or after the expiry of a certain period in case of life insurance or to indemnify the other party on happening of an uncertain event in case of general insurance. The party bearing the risk is known as the insurer or assurer and the party whose risk is covered is known as the insured or assured. Definition A promise of compensation for specific potential future losses in exchange for a periodic payment. Insurance is designed to protect the financial well-being of an individual, company or other entity in the case of unexpected loss. Some forms of insurance are required by law, while others are optional. Agreeing to the terms of an insurance policy creates a contract between the insured and the insurer. In exchange for payments from the insured (called premiums), the insurer agrees to pay the policy holder a sum of money upon the occurrence of a specific event. In most cases, the policy holder pays part of the loss (called the deductible), and the insurer pays the rest. Examples include car insurance, health insurance, disability insurance, life insurance, and business insurance. Insurance, in law and economics, is a form of risk management primarily used to hedge against the risk of a contingent loss. Insurance is defined as the equitable transfer of the risk of a loss, from one entity to another, in exchange for a premium, and can be thought of as a guaranteed and known small loss to prevent a large, possibly devastating loss. An insurer is a company selling the insurance; an insured or policyholder is the person or entity buying the insurance. The insurance rate is a factor used to determine the amount to be charged for a certain amount of insurance coverage, called the premium. Cultural factor; Culture is fundamental determinant of a persons needs and behavior. People acquire a set of value, perception and behaviors through his or her family and other institution. Indian people want achievement and success, comfortable efficiency and practicality, freedom and youthfulness. In other word there are multicultural environment in India. Indian loves their family and they want to secure their family from unnatural event. Indian give first preference to his family after than others. They do not want to take loan and they want to invest their money in long-term investment for child education and marriage. When we say about metropolitan city, dependency on old age on son is decreasing. People want to accumulate some fund for old age so ICICI Prudential should concentrate on gratuity or pension plan. Indian people also affected from sub culture. Urban people want to take more insurance comparison than rural (due to high per capita income, insurance awareness, social security, investment purpose, tax saving purpose). Religion also effect on insurance. ICICI Prudential is using this thing very well. They use sinduor and marriage in their advertisement and show that when you marriage from someone, her all liabilities is your liabilities and we will help you in this situation. We will make relation as like as sindur (here means long term stable relationship). In other word ICICI Prudential want to say that we will cover you at every step in life (sorrow or happiness). Consumer behavior is also affected from reference group. Firstly, people see that which insurance is bestseller after that they purchase. They also influence from agent. People do not concentrate on their need due to agents influence. Social class also affect on consumer behavior. Lower class does not want insurance. Up per lower class wants insurance for saving purpose. Working and middle class want insurance for protection and saving purpose and lastly, upper class want to purchase insurance for investment tax benefit and saving purpose. Social factor; Consumers are also influenced by social factor for example; reference group, family, and social role and status. Consumer behavior is firstly influenced from membership group such as family, neighbor and co-worker. Insurance is such type of product where people awareness is very low so people do not very much about insurance. They think, insurance is only tax saving instrument so they fully dependent on agent for taking insurance. When agent say about any product, that time they inquiry from neighbor and co-worker about that product. If any body suggests that, this product and I have also taken this product. Individual think that, this product also best for him. He does not concentrate on his need and requirement. Secondly, he is influenced by information influences. If he goes to purchase insurance, he makes enquiry about this product from his personal sources. He study newspaper and search on Internet and gather all information related product. If he is satisfied from that information, he decides to buy insurance. People also influence from opinion leader, this opinion leader may be Mukhiya, or Surpanch in rural area or this may be any leader, actor or cricket player in urban area. If opinion leader say or advertise about any product, people are influenced from opinion leader because opinion leader keep good position in society. Family and household pattern also influence consumer behavior. Due to less security of individual family, people want to purchase insurance, but in joint family people give less attention in buying insurance. If all family are well earning, there are given less attention on insurance in such family. But if earning member is less and dependent is more in such type of family insurance is very important. Women want more security so women are taking main role in purchase decision where, women influence consumer behavior. Personal factor; A consumer decision is also influenced by personal characteristics for example the buyer age and stage in life cycle, occupation and economics circumstances, personality, self-concept, life style and value. When we say about age and life, first is bachelor stage. They are generally young independent and they are in early stage of his carrier and earning. They mostly think that they have no need of insurance because in that time they have no dependent. However, some people have some dream and dependent also. They are in such stage where they can take more risk so they mostly prefer to invest in ULIP. Second stage is newly married. In that stage people need and buying decision is influenced from their future plan and earning capability. If they have to plan for purchase flat that time, they will need term insurance. There after stage is one or two children after marriage, they will be influenced from future need. They will accumulate fund for children marriage and education, they can be plan time-to-time vacation. In forth stage, they want to accumulate for retirement. People want to live alone after old age or in peaceful place so they are ready to start saving for old age. Attitude also affect consumer behavior positive attitude (about his life) person will take pension plan because people think that they will live more. But negative attitude person will take life insurance because they worry about their life. Review of Literature Mehr and Cammack (1976) agrees that Insurance is usually thought of as a product that spreads the risk of serious, but low-probability, losses among a group of individuals, thus providing some financial protection to each individual. Kunreuther, (1979) said that his product makes good sense, particularly when the protection is purchased against potential losses so large as to be catastrophic, such as total destruction of ones home, a large accident liability judgment, or death of primary family breadwinner. However, it has long been recognized that this sensible product is difficult to sell.v Kotler, (1973) considers insurance to be in the category of unsought goods, along with products such as preventive dental services and burial plots.He notes that unsought goods pose special challenges to the marketer. Slovic, Fischhoff, Lichtenstein, Corrigan, and Combs (1977) found that subjects were more likely to buy insurance against small, high-probability losses than insurance against large, lowprobability losses, Hershey and Schoemaker (1980) reported the opposite result. Kunreuther (1979) It is not the magnitude of a potential loss that inspires people to buy insurance voluntarily it is the frequency with which a loss is likely to occur. Kahneman Tversky, (1979) reported a risk-averse individual, therefore, should avoid nearly all types of risk. Empirical evidence, however, suggests most people are risk averse for gains and risk seeking for losses. Kahneman Tversky, (1984) stated indeed, repeated demonstrations have shown most people lack an adequate understanding of probability and risk concepts Dhar, (1997) Greenleaf and Lehmann, (1995) Tversky and Shafir, (1992) have shown that offering more options can generate decision conflict and preference uncertainty, leading to decision deferral. Michael L. Smith (1982) said that a typical life insurance contract provides a package of options or rights to the policy owner that is not precisely duplicated by any other combination of commonly available contracts. Viewed from this perspecti ve, life insurance enjoys a unique position in the field of investments and should be judged in this light. The paper shows that an options viewpoint provides a more complete explanation of policy owner behavior towards life insurance than the conventional savings-and-protection view. Michael L. Walden (1985) told that the options package view of the whole life insurance policy suggests that a whole life policy is a package of options, each of which has value and is expected to influence the price of the policy. This viewpoint implies the general hypothesis that price differences between whole life policies can be explained by differences in policy contract provisions and differences in selected company characteristics. The options package theory was empirically investigated using regression analysis on data from a sample of policies marketed in North Carolina. The results suggest support for the options package theory. Kirchler and Angela-Christian Hubert (1999) found that the present study aims at describing spouses relative dominance in decisions concerning different forms of investment. As determinants of spouses dominance, partnership characteristics, such as partnership role attitudes, marital satisfaction and individual expertise in relation to different investments, were considered. A questionnaire on spouses dominance in making decisions on various investments, on the characteristics of particular investments and on partnership characteristics was completed by 142 Austrian couples. Basically, wives appeared to adapt to the dominance exerted by their husbands in savings and investment decisions. Wives dominance was highest in egalitarian partnerships, where autonomic and wife dominated decisions were reported m ore frequently than in traditional partnerships. Additionally, spouses relative expertise in relation to the investments in question showed strong effects on dominance distribution: Spouses with higher expertise than their partners exerted more dominance in decision-making processes. Amy Wong, (2004) empirically examined the role of emotional satisfaction in service encounters. Specifically, this study seeks to: investigate the relationship between emotional satisfaction and key concepts, such as service quality, customer loyalty, and relationship quality, and clarify the role of emotional satisfaction in predicting customer loyalty and relationship quality. In doing so, this study used the relationship between emotional satisfaction, service quality, customer loyalty, and relationship quality as a context, as well as data from a sample survey of 1,261 Australian retail customers concerning their evaluation of their shopping experiences to address this issue. The results show that s ervice quality is positively associated with emotional satisfaction, which is positively associated with both customer loyalty and relationship quality. Further investigations showed that customers feelings of enjoyment serve as the best predictor of customer loyalty, while feelings of happiness serve as the best predictor of relationship quality. The findings imply the need for a service firm to strategically leverage on the key antecedents of customer loyalty and relationship quality in its pursuit of customer retention and longterm profitability. Stephen Diacon (2004) presents the results of a detailed comparison of the perceptions by individual consumers and expert financial advisers of the investment risk involved in various UK personal financial services products. Factor similarity tests show that there are significant differences between expert and lay investors in the way financial risks are perceived. Financial experts are likely to be less loss averse than lay investors, b ut are prone to affiliation bias (trusting providers and salesmen more than lay investors do), believe that the products are less complex, and are less cynical and distrustful about the protection provided by the regulators. The traditional response to the finding that experts and non-experts have different perceptions and understanding about risk is to institute risk communication programmes designed to re-educate consumers. However, this approach is unlikely to be successful in an environment where individual consumers distrust regulators and other experts. Helmut Grà ¼ndl, Thomas Post, Roman Schulze, (2005) found that demographic risk, i.e., the risk that life tables change in a nondeterministic way, is a serious threat to the financial stability of an insurance company having underwritten life insurance and annuity business. The inverse influence of changes in mortality laws on the market value of life insurance and annuity liabilities creates natural hedging opportunities. Eva n Mills, Ph.D.(1999) Studied the insurance industry is rarely thought of as having much concern about energy issues. However, the historical involvement by insurers and allied industries in the development and deployment of familiar technologies such as automobile air bags, fire prevention/suppression systems, and anti-theft devices, shows that this industry has a long history of utilizing technology to improve safety andotherwise reduce the likelihood of losses for which they would otherwise have to pay. We have identified nearly 80 examples of energy-efficient and renewable energy technologies that offer loss-prevention benefits, and have mapped these opportunities onto the appropriate segments of the very diverse insurance sector (life, health, property, liability, business interruption, etc.). Some insurers and risk managers are beginning to recognize these previously hidden benefits. Roger. A. Formisano (1981) examined, via consumer interviews, the impact of the National Associ ation of Insurance Commissioners Model Life Insurance Solicitation Regulation as implemented in New Jersey. A substantial portion of the insurance buyers sampled did not become aware of the provisions of the regulation aimed to improve their buying ability. Further, many life insurance buyers were not well informed concerning the nature and operation of life insurance contracts, and in particular, the life insurance policies that they had purchased. theory was empirically investigated using regression analysis on data from a sample of policies marketed in NorthCarolina. The results suggest support for the options package theory. Kirchler and Angela-Christian Hubert (1999) found that the present study aims at describing spouses relative dominance in decisions concerning different forms of investment. As determinants of spouses dominance, partnership characteristics, such as partnership role attitudes, marital satisfaction and individual expertise in relation to different investments, were considered. A questionnaire on spouses dominance in making decisions on various investments, on the characteristics of particular investments and on partnership characteristics was completed by 142 Austrian couples. Basically, wives appeared to adapt to the dominance exerted by their husbands in savings and investment decisions Wives dominance was highest in egalitarian partnerships, where autonomic and wife-dominated decisions were reported more frequently than in traditional partnerships. Additionally, spouses relative expertise in relation to the investments in question showed strong effects on dominance distribution: Spouses with higher expertise than their partners exerted more dominance in decision-making processes. Amy Wong, (2004) empirically examined the role of emotional satisfaction in service encounters. Specifically, this study seeks to: investigate the relationship between emotional satisfaction and key concepts, such as service quality, customer loyalty, and rel ationship quality, and clarify the role of emotional satisfaction in predicting customer loyalty and relationship quality. In doing so, this study used the relationship between emotional satisfaction, service quality, customer loyalty, and relationship quality as a context, as well as data from a sample survey of 1,261 Australian retail customers concerning their evaluation of their shopping experiences to address this issue. The results show that service quality is positively associated with emotional satisfaction, which is positively associated with both customer loyalty and relationship quality. Further investigations showed that customers feelings of enjoyment serve as the best predictor of customer loyalty, while feelings of happiness serve as the best predictor of relationship quality. The findings imply the need for a service firm to strategically leverage on the key antecedents of customer loyalty and relationship quality in its pursuit of customer retention and longterm pro fitability. Stephen Diacon (2004) presents the results of a detailed comparison of the perceptions by individual consumers and expert financial advisers of the investment risk involved in various UK personal financial services products. Factor similarity tests show that there are significant differences between expert and lay investors in the way financial risks are perceived. Financial experts are likely to be less loss averse than lay investors, but are prone to affiliation bias (trusting providers and salesmen more than lay investors do), believe that the products are less complex, and are less cynical and distrustful about the protection provided by the regulators. The traditional response to the finding that experts and non-experts have different perceptions and understandings 4 about risk is to institute risk communication programmes designed to re-educate consumers. However, this approach is unlikely to be successful in an environment where individual consumers distrust regul ators and other experts. Helmut Grà ¼ndl, Thomas Post, Roman Schulze, (2005) found that demographic risk, i.e., the risk that life tables change in a nondeterministic ay, is a serious threat to the financial stability of an insurance company having underwritten life insurance and annuity business. The inverse influence of changes in mortality laws on the market value of life insurance and annuity liabilities creates natural hedging opportunities. Evan Mills, Ph.D.(1999) Studied the insurance industry is rarely thought of as having much concern about energy issues. However, the historical involvement by insurers and allied industries in the development and deployment of familiar technologies such as automobile air bags, fire prevention/suppression systems, and anti-theft devices, shows that this industry has a long history of utilizing technology to improve safety and otherwise reduce the likelihood of losses for which they would otherwise have to pay. We have identified nearly 80 e xamples of energy-efficient and renewable energy technologies that offer loss-prevention benefits, and have mapped these opportunities onto the appropriate segments of the very diverse insurance sector (life, health, property, liability, business interruption, etc.). Some insurers and risk managers are beginning to recognize these previously hidden benefits. Roger. A. Formisano (1981) examined, via consumer interviews, the impact of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners Model Life Insurance Solicitation Regulation as implemented in New Jersey. A substantial portion of the insurance buyers sampled did not become aware of the provisions of the regulation aimed to improve their buying ability. Further, many life insurance buyers were not well informed concerning the nature and operation of life insurance contracts, and in particular, the life insurance policies that they had purchased. Description of factors 1. Company Loyalty This factor includes that this is the only company the consumer wants to associate himself with, in future .himself would purchase more policies from the same company , suggest friends and family to purchase policy from the same company , company able to fulfill expectation, , Policy benefits benchmarks . The highest Eigen value lies in this factor 35.213. So it is been considered as the highly contributing factor towards study. Therefore it is clear that company loyalty plays an important role in investment decisions of investors. 2. Services Quality This factor includes hassle free settlements , employees responsible towards customers agents respond promptly , investment in life insurance is more secure than stock market satisfy with relationship to company . . Ease of Procedures This factor includes the company provides claims on time cooperative and friendly agent , settlement of claims easy and timely , agent is well informed about policies. As we can see, that the Eigen value for factor ease of procedures is 5.830 , which is also a contributing factor towards the study, so it can also be considered as an important factor in the study. 4. Satisfaction Level This factor includes that the suggested benefits of Insurance Policy should be met to the investors, Company provides them satisfactory services , fulfill its promise about life insurance policy , Services should be provided on time, and awareness of terms and conditions of policies. As we can see, that the Eigen value for factor satisfaction level is 5.008 , which is also a contributing factor towards the study, so it can also be considered as an important factor in the study. 5. Company Image This factor includes that the insurance company should be well known in the industry , insurance provider should have goodwill in market (0.758),and company of high repute As we can see, that the Eigen value for factor company image is 4.878, which is also a contributing factor towards the study, so it can also be considered as an important factor in the study. 6. Company-Client Relationship This factor includes that the agent remind about premium installments. personal attention on every consumer and understand consumers financial needs . As we can see, that the Eigen value for factor company client relationship is 4.051, which is also a contributing factor towards the study, so it can also be considered as an important factor in the study. CONCLUSION In present Indian market, the investment habits of Indian consumers are changing very frequently. The individuals have their own perception towards various types of investment plans. The study of this research work was focused over consumers perception on investment towards Life Insurance Services. The consumers perception towards Life Insurance Policies is positive. It developed a positive mind sets for their investment pattern, in insurance policies. Still some actions are needed for developing insurance market. The major factors playing the role in developing consumers perception towards Life Insurance Policies are Consumer Loyalty, Service Quality, Ease of Procedures, Satisfaction Level, Company Image, and Company-Client Relationship. Insurance industry has to go ahead. A lot of opportunities are still waiting. This research will help in developing the market share, loyalty and further development in insurance sector. .

Celeron or Pentium II? :: Research Papers

Celeron or Pentium II? The computer industry is flourishing because of the advent of new, powerful processors. Recently, Intel Corp. released its Pentium II-450 MHz chip: the fastest processor on the planet. But because the chip is overpriced, Intel is also marketing the downgraded version of a PII, the inexpensive Celeron-333 which has a 128K cache compared to the PII’s 512K cache. To potential computer buyers, this situation presents a dilemma because they must decide whether to opt for price (i.e. buy the Celeron) or speed (i.e. buy the PII-450). In an attempt to answer this question, Lincoln Spector of PC World and Christopher Yates of PC Week analyze the two chips in their articles entitled "Double Feature" and "Intel Celeron Cache in With New Power," published in October and August of 1998 respectively. In this paper, a rhetorical and discourse analysis will be performed on the two articles to examine the similar and different strategies used by Spector and Yates in presenting their argum ents. The strategies will determine which article is more convincing. Since the articles are present in magazines that pertain to the genre of computer and computer writing, it is first also necessary to analyze the genre. Comparing and contrasting the magazines can obtain an introduction to the way material is presented and organized. The criteria for the analysis include the types of articles present in the magazines. In addition, analyzing the sources of evidence used to support the claims can provide crucial information to the kinds of appeals (i.e. logos, ethos, or pathos) used by the authors writing in the genre of computer writing. Other similar factors such as article length, ads, and the advertisers can also be examined. But the demographic data of the magazines is of utmost importance because it describes the audience and thus, defines the way authors write for their audience. PC World and PC Week have a circulation of 1,125,000 and 305,443 respectively. The former is published monthly and the latter is printed weekly. Eighty-eight percent of the audience of PC World is male and the remainder is female, with ages ranging from 25 to 54 years. Thirteen percent of both magazines' readers are employed by the computer industry, while 59% of PC World's compared to 13% of PC Week's readers work in some sort of management (SRDS 445). Celeron or Pentium II? :: Research Papers Celeron or Pentium II? The computer industry is flourishing because of the advent of new, powerful processors. Recently, Intel Corp. released its Pentium II-450 MHz chip: the fastest processor on the planet. But because the chip is overpriced, Intel is also marketing the downgraded version of a PII, the inexpensive Celeron-333 which has a 128K cache compared to the PII’s 512K cache. To potential computer buyers, this situation presents a dilemma because they must decide whether to opt for price (i.e. buy the Celeron) or speed (i.e. buy the PII-450). In an attempt to answer this question, Lincoln Spector of PC World and Christopher Yates of PC Week analyze the two chips in their articles entitled "Double Feature" and "Intel Celeron Cache in With New Power," published in October and August of 1998 respectively. In this paper, a rhetorical and discourse analysis will be performed on the two articles to examine the similar and different strategies used by Spector and Yates in presenting their argum ents. The strategies will determine which article is more convincing. Since the articles are present in magazines that pertain to the genre of computer and computer writing, it is first also necessary to analyze the genre. Comparing and contrasting the magazines can obtain an introduction to the way material is presented and organized. The criteria for the analysis include the types of articles present in the magazines. In addition, analyzing the sources of evidence used to support the claims can provide crucial information to the kinds of appeals (i.e. logos, ethos, or pathos) used by the authors writing in the genre of computer writing. Other similar factors such as article length, ads, and the advertisers can also be examined. But the demographic data of the magazines is of utmost importance because it describes the audience and thus, defines the way authors write for their audience. PC World and PC Week have a circulation of 1,125,000 and 305,443 respectively. The former is published monthly and the latter is printed weekly. Eighty-eight percent of the audience of PC World is male and the remainder is female, with ages ranging from 25 to 54 years. Thirteen percent of both magazines' readers are employed by the computer industry, while 59% of PC World's compared to 13% of PC Week's readers work in some sort of management (SRDS 445).

Social Darwinism

This began in the nineteenth century as a way of supporting natural selection and the basis that the species best suited to survive any given situation would prevail over the lesser beings. The actual concept of Social Darwinism was not the idea Charles Darwin presented, but the confirmation people needed. The main issues relevant to this theory are business, sexism and racism. From generation to generation, all species change slightly over time.Organisms of very type share similarities with their ancestors. Sometimes children will show similarities from their grandparents, great-grandparents or ever further back. If a certain individual has a superior trait which will help them survive more effectively, that individual's offspring is more likely to also show that trait. Variations in the traits are on a genetic level and these variations happen randomly at different intervals in time. These beneficial traits will prosper but most mutations don't show up in offspring and will not be passed to future generations.Social Darwinism pass the philosophical beliefs into business practices in modern day. The survival of the fittest concept is proven if one takes a look in Fortune magazine. The best businesses will move on through monetary success and popularity and those businesses who fail will not be passed on. Each generation produces new and better ideas. As business progresses, people will have more information available to them whenever, wherever they need it. Andrew Carnegie states, â€Å"The law of competition may be sometimes hard for the individual, [but] it is best for the race in every department. The Gospel of Wealth, 1889) The adaptation theory in Social Darwinism encourages those in business to work harder to be on top to show greater success. When we think about business and success, many people think of males. In our history, the woman's role is mainly in the home, providing for their husbands and being a fertile ground. Social Darwinism shows that me n are the more fit sex and women are weak. Although physically women as a whole are generally weaker than men, this theory has some imperfections. But, what this theory does not show is the ntelligence of women.More recently, success is defined regarding intelligence as opposed to physical strength, so the survival of the fittest theory does not exclude women. Looking deeper, the sexist theory does not always ring true. The greatest influence in the sudden development of racism in the 19th century Europe was the replacement of the Christian belief that â€Å"God created all people equal† by â€Å"Darwinism†. By suggesting that man had evolved from more primitive creatures, and that some races had evolved further than others, it provided racism ith a scientific side.The element of Darwinism which appeared most appliable to the development of society was the belief that the excess of population over the means of support was a constant struggle for survival in which it wa s the strongest or think that some races were morally better than others In conclusion, people can take parts of the Social Darwinism theory to apply to modern day ideas such as business. sexism and racism. Charles Darwin's ideas may not always be seen as true but for now, it shows many possibilities.

Forms of Media Table Essay

There are many kinds of media available for use in a presentation. However, each type of media has benefits and drawbacks. After reviewing this week’s reading, complete the table related to various forms of media used in public speaking. Form Benefits Drawbacks Objects Using objects can show off great techniques and examples of what you’re talking about. They can also be used to have live demonstrations for your topic It can be distracting if it is too large and unable to show off successfully to the audience. Models Can be used to demonstrate things to the audience without the presenter the speaker being distracted trying to do it themselves. Models can be distracting especially if they are not familiar with what they are supposed to be doing. Photographs They can help provide an exact depiction They can be harder to enlarge Drawings You can highlight exact areas and add labels to the drawing to point out specific parts and their names They can have inaccuracies depending on the skill level of the drawer. Graphs Great for showing large amounts of statistical data Can be confusing if the wrong type of graph is used for a specific amount of data Charts Used to show the relation of percentages and proportions Charts can get easily confusing for audiences if they are not large enough or they are too busy Transparencies These can be lit up and brought up on the screen to use as references for a speech presentation They are old school. It requires the correct equipment and can be hard to read at times if there isn’t room to make larger and legible. Videos These are useful whenever it will show a better example than other forms of multimedia to present the point to the listeners When they are unclear, hard to see, or hard to understand it will work against your presentation and can muddy water Multimedia presentations They work great to hold the attention of the listeners as long as it is well mended and unified It can be especially distracting if your media is all over the place and confuses the audience during the presentation Speakers Can be a great visual aid for actions and movements It can be distracting Others It can be useful to use other sources besides electronic ones. Such as marker boards, flip charts, and printed photographs or handouts. This will draw your audience’s attention by attracting different senses. This is a drawback if your presentation is too busy and has too many things going on. Ensure the presentation mends well and remove anything that sticks out and does not fit well with the rest of the material.

Why Job Hopping is Great for Your Career

Why Job Hopping is Great for Your Career The old days of being stigmatized for switching jobs too frequently are behind us. There’s even research to suggest that workers who stay at the same job for longer than two years end up being paid less, while workers who continue to seek new opportunities are quicker to learn, better at making first impressions, and more successful. Certainly they’re more adaptable, keeping their skills sharper and their strategizing more efficient. Keep these following tips in mind if you think the job hopping lifestyle is for you.Keep it internalYou can even hop between jobs at the same company, if that kind of loyalty is important to you. The main thing is keeping yourself sharp and engaged in the work you’re doing- and never letting yourself get bored.Don’t hide your true selfIf you’re a job hopper, consider selling this a strength, rather than hiding it as a weakness. Build your constant striving for bigger and better challenges into your hiring narrative. As long as you haven’t left a trail of burnt bridges in your wake, chances are you can make this trait an asset in an interview.While the stigma continues to fade, make sure to actively sell this aspect of your application in the hiring process. Being up front about it will help to assuage whatever doubts a more recalcitrant hiring manager might have about your resume.Know it’s never too lateFinally, there’s nothing out there that says older workers can’t be job hoppers as well! They day you decide you’re done learning is the day you’d better think about retirement. Keep on chasing those pots of gold- learning new skills and seeking new challenges.

Achilles as a Classical Hero

Achilles as a Classical Hero Introduction Under classical mythology, one can define a hero as a courageous individual with great strength, widely known and celebrated by his society for his actions which portray exceptional boldness.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Achilles as a Classical Hero specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In literature, a hero simply means a person with a character that people need to admire or emulate. S/he therefore possesses all the ideals celebrated, valued and articulated by his/her culture. Heroes exist in all fields; for example, in politics, sports, and struggle for freedom among others. Be it in classical mythology, ordinary literature, or any other field, a hero must possess ordinary characteristics that no other person possesses. Since the judgment of heroic deeds lies in the culture that shapes an individual, different cultures value different traits in their heroes. In literature circles, heroism emanat es from both the culture of the author and the culture to which the hero belongs. Heroism not only focuses on the actions of an individual, but also the reasons behind their actions. According to the Greek culture, a hero must be a man with exceptional warrior characteristics; he should stand above other warriors in the society in all aspects; he must not only show warrior characteristics, but should also be intelligent and good in speech; he should endeavor to shun anything that intends to spoil his repute as a good warrior and finally he should have greater strength and courage than his fellow warriors who should freely acknowledge that he is the best warrior amongst them. These exceptional qualities make him legible for crowning as a leader. In the Greek history, a story is told of a man, Achilles, who possessed characteristics that the Greek culture reserved to heroes. A study of the Greek culture and its comparison to Achilles gives an important revelation: Achilles is a classi cal hero. This essay focuses on Achilles’ deeds and how they contributed towards his heroism. Achilles Heroic Characteristics Achilles is a swift runner. According to Lowrey, this character of swiftness comes out when â€Å"epithets referred to him as a man who was swift footed† (2). Swiftness is an important characteristic for individuals with the desire to excel in war or any other form of physical confrontation. With swiftness, one is able to easily capture or flee from an enemy during war. Besides, such people are able to perform better during competitions aimed at searching for true heroes of a given society. As a result, warriors all over the world cherish this trait and it is through it that Achilles gets crowned as a hero.Advertising Looking for research paper on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Besides swiftness, Achilles possesses the characteristics of courage. Courage, as a trait enables an individual to do what the ordinary person cannot do on the grounds that, it has negative possible consequences or evokes fear of injury or death (Anderson, 12). As a result, one can take up any challenge regardless of any negative impeding consequences of such actions. The spirit of courageousness enabled Achilles to fight his enemies without fear of possible injury or death. This character trait as a courageous man also enabled him to storm out twelve cities of men both by sea through his ships and by land. Honestly, this is not an easy task! No wonder some of his people describe him as a lion-hearted man. According to Redfield, it is Achilles’ courage â€Å"that made him face any body in battle without fear† (39). In some instances, it is evident that people knew him as a man who ruthlessly and courageously tore his opponents in battle. This task cannot be possible for a timid individual; therefore, because of his courageous nature, Achilles pas ses for a hero. Achilles’ heroic deeds made people revere him so much that they gave him godly characteristics. They regarded him as a man who commanded fear all over because his actions evoked feelings of fear and terror (Jaeger, 35). This attitude of people towards Achilles portrays him as a special man deserving a special kind of treatment. His ability to break his opponents when at war and his physical superiority over all other warriors paints a picture of someone who elicits fear at his appearance. The fact that all other warriors fear and consider him as the best warrior explains why the society treats him with much reverence; he is a classical hero. Besides the reverence that people have towards him, Achilles has always been a source of fear before his enemies. This trait has always made him scary before his opponents. One of the goddesses in the Greek culture, goddess Hera reveals that the Trojans, who are rivals to Achilles’ community, tremble at the mention of Achilles. In yet another instance Patrocus refers to Achilles as a man â€Å"who is by far greater than the Achileans† (Lowrey, 2). As such, Patrocus says that none of the Achileans can surmount any kind of physical challenge to him. Such a statement not only cements the godly character of Achilles, but also confirms people’s belief in him as a man with significant superiority over his peers and opponents where it really matters. Based on these two instances it is quite clear that Achilles is a hero.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Achilles as a Classical Hero specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The experience that Achilles undergoes while in Combat clearly brings out his heroic characteristics. As Achilles describes his combat experiences, the audience feels how he was â€Å"devoted to his people, fighting on their behalf to ensure that they enjoy their lives† (Lowrey, 3). In his expla nation, it is evident that Achilles spent so many sleepless nights throughout the time of war. He even loses his own blood during the war on behalf of his people; however, this damaging event or his weariness could not discourage him from fighting for the wellbeing of his people; a true character of a hero. He instead, continues to fight on without any fear of injury or death till the end of the war. From these actions, it is vivid that Achilles was a man with exceptional character and deserved to be honored as a hero. While in Combat, Achilles also reveals that all his selflessness and determination in war have seen him through difficulties. Selfness as a character trait refers to the ability of an individual to care not only about his own welfare, but also the welfare of others who are bound to benefit from his/her efforts no matter how small they may be. From the way Achilles describes his life during the war, one can tell that he possessed a selfless character. This selfless cha racter clearly comes out during the war period. Referring to this period, Achilles says that he put â€Å"everything aside and struggled with other warriors during the battle only for the sake of the women of his fellow men† (Seamus, 1883). The move by Achilles to consider the wellbeing of women belonging to other men exposes him as somebody who does not think of self gain out of his struggle. In addition, the fact that he is not married at the time of battle further proves that indeed, he is a selfless character. According to the Greek culture, selflessness is a trait of heroes; therefore, Achilles’ selflessness qualifies him to be a classical hero. Besides selflessness, Achilles possesses an enduring character. Endurance refers to the ability of an individual to persevere pain or suffering with the hope of achieving success in the end of the struggle. Achilles’ ability to endure comes out when he talks about the experience he had in Combat during the war time. During this trying period, he says that he spent sleepless nights for many days. This was because of his alertness against potential attack by their opponents and only endurance can help an individual to ward off sleep. Besides his sleeplessness, Achilles lost his own blood, not mentioning the pain he underwent through when he sustained the bloody injuries.Advertising Looking for research paper on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Despite these sufferings in sleeplessness and loss of blood through injury, Achilles continued to fight on for the welfare of his people and in the end, he won the battle. It is this relentless spirit that enabled Achilles to emerge victorious in many wars against their enemies and therefore, his perseverance during war portrays him as a classical hero. Finally, the case of Achilles and Agamemnon also proves Achilles’ heroic characteristics. Achilles’ acts of heroism had earlier won him a much coveted prize. It however emerges that Agamemnon tried to take this prize away from Achilles in exchange of expensive gifts; seven strongholds and a daughter of as wife. Conventionally, these attractive offers by Agamemnon would obviously compel Achilles to consider taking the gifts in lieu of the coveted prize. However, to the surprise of many, Achilles handles this situation in the most rational manner; using his intelligence, he discovers that accepting these gifts would serve to show his acceptance of Agamemnon’s superior status; therefore, he refuses to take the gifts and the bride offer and instead decides to protect his higher status of heroism. To Achilles, heroism consists not in the abundance of material things or wives per se, but in character; enduring character. Very few people can readily make such an informed decision. This intelligent move by Achilles is in line with what the Greece culture expects from heroes like him. Consequently, these adherences to the Greek cultural values that govern heroism help bring out Achilles status as a genuine hero. Conclusion Heroism is a highly coveted trait in all the cultures across the continents. Before the relevant authorities crown an individual as a hero, they consider his/her achievements which should be extraordinary. In one such culture, the Greek, heroism is a function of an individual’s intelligence, physical appearances, physical capability and his contribution as a warrior in the battlefield. The Greek culture also requires that as a hero, one should always be ready to guard his superior status no matter the consequences or benefits that one would gain by conceding his superiority. Achilles is a classical hero according to the Greek culture mainly because he possesses all the characteristics needed to qualify an individual as a true hero. Achilles has physical superiority, has outstanding warrior characteristics that his fellow warriors readily acknowledge and he is not ready to relinquish his superior status; not even with a promise of expensive gifts and a bewitching bride. Anderson, William S. The Art of the Aeneid. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall Inc., 1969. Jaeger, Werner. Paideia: The Ideals of Greek Culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1939. Lowrey, Belen. â€Å"The Hero as a Reflection of Culture.† Journal of Ancient Spartan and  Greek History 23.9 (2005): 1-12. Redfield, James. Nature and Culture in the Iliad. Chicago: The Unive rsity of Chicago Press, 1975. Seamus, Heaney. The Norton Anthology of Western Literature. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 2006. 1880- 1903.

Prevent hospital-acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Dissertation

Prevent hospital-acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) - Dissertation Example In this study a specific number of variables are studied. The data used in the quantitative research are based on various measurements with the help of structured and validated data collection instruments. Quantitative study aims at identifying the statistical relationship between variables. This type of study is focused on a narrow lens and tailored for testing specific hypotheses. Statistical reporting with correlations, mean comparison and relying on statistical findings is the crux of quantitative research (Qualitative versus quantitative research, n.d.). The process of qualitative research is dedicated towards exploring issues, understanding the phenomenon of the topic of research. Subsequently it aims at answering questions. The process of qualitative approach occurs in an everyday basis and takes place in and around every workplaces and study environment. For executing qualitative research, the approaches that are utilized are mainly analysis of unstructured data which include s open ended survey questions, literature reviews, audio recordings and searching of web pages and databases (What is qualitative research, n.d.). Among them literature review is an indispensable part in research and in nursing research it is of high importance. Importance of literature review in nursing research A literature review can be referred to as a critical summary of research on a topic. It concentrates on the ways in which the researchers address a topic. Literature review is a critical summary addressing various useful approaches of research. Literature review occurs in two preliminary parts . The first part is in devising a search strategy and secondly identification of various kinds of resources that will suit the information required for addressing the research question. Secondary sources are mainly preferred which include books, reference books, journals, conference papers , government publications and so on(Performing a Literature Review, n.d.). In nursing, research carries much significance. In the recent years a majority part of them is reflected towards the changing perception of the nurse’s education. With research initiation the nurses have become more prone to research and have found out ways in the improving the quality care provided to the patients. From the studies of Hungler in 1997, research allows the nurses in questioning their practice finding answers and thus applying them in their respective areas. Literature review acts a way for making the current study into the context of what is known previously. From that the decisions associated with the particular type of tool application for the best outcome of the patients is known (The Importance of Research to Nursing, 2012). So in this paper the importance of literature review lies in the fact that they will be able to help us in exploring the ways of treating HA- MRSA and find out the most effective and optimal ways of reducing the spread of HA-MRSA. Critical Literature Revie w From the studies of Kyale in 1995 for the selection of proper methodology things like the role of validity, reliability and generalizability are questioned. Within the study of naturalistic dimension the the philosophy of reality validating knowledge has been generally eliminated. There has been a generation of confusion regarding the association of rationalistic as well as naturalistic

Authenticity and Commercialism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Authenticity and Commercialism - Essay Example For instance, in the late 1980s and early 1990s, an underground music revolution was taking place in Seattle, aptly called "grundge" due to the unkempt, unshaven, and slovenly appearance of the band members who were producing this "new" type of music. Independent bands like Pearl Jam and Nirvana, were known locally on the Seattle club scene, however, the rest of the country was not aware of this independent movement in music. However, it would not be long before the popularity of this new sound caught the eyes and ears of commercial music labels, which signed many of these bands to recording contracts. Once this occurred, the public was given a taste of grundge and Nirvana and other similar bands became superstars and commercially successful throughout the country, and even the world. This culturally unique music, once only played in the underground clubs of Seattle, was now commercially viable and its authenticity was somewhat lost in the process. Although authenticity may be lost by virtue of commercialism, the authenticity of a product or practice may actually increase its commercial value (Szekely 93). ... Once those in the public get wind of the latest trend or the newest "authentic" music, they too want to be part of the experience or the movement. Therefore, more of the music is sold, which increases its commercial value tremendously. What Are the Implications When Commercialism Destroys Authenticity, Yet Increases Commercial Value One major implication of these two phenomenons working together is that authenticity is lost and commercialism is increased, however, it is the authentic nature of the product or practice that propelled it into commercial popularity. Furthermore, this would suggest that authenticity is a fleeting thing, and is stripped once commercialism takes hold and. Conclusion Authenticity and commercialism are not mutually exclusive as, ironically, it is authenticity that can propel a product or practice to commercial success. Therefore, commercialism is only detrimental to a product or practice in the destruction of its authenticity, but is instrumental in giving an authentic product, success and notoriety. Works Cited Szekely, Michael. "Pushing the Popular, or toward a Compositional Popular Aesthetics."Popular Music and Society 29.1 (2006):

Identify time management techniques Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Identify time management techniques - Essay Example In addition, one needs to incorporate a motivational factors within the goal setting activity that would enable the generation of a rewards for fulfilling or accomplishing the goals that were set within the identified time frame. One affirms that by looking forward to availing of a benefit or reward, the achievement of goals are facilitated since one’s focus would be re-directed to the positive outcome, and not on the challenges that could be encountered on the way to attaining the identified goal. Another important aspect of goal setting and time management is learning the skill of prioritization. One’s score in this area is 24 out of 35 or 69%. Given a set of activities or endeavors, one must be able to identify and classify the tasks according to urgency: which needs to be done within the shortest possible time frame. As such, making a list of the activities for the day, or for the week, would assist in developing prioritization skills. Likewise, one must also recognize which tasks are more tedious and comprehensively encompassing in details. If there are endeavors that require much preparation and planning, the strategies for prioritization should include accurately identifying tasks in minute details, or broken down into sub-tasks, so that one would not perceive the activity as burdensome in holistic form. In addition, tasks that entail prior research, collection of data, or extensive studying could be scheduled intermittently, as one’s spare time would allo w. The third relevant aspect in time management is managing interruptions. The score generated in this area is 12 out of 20 or 60%. It could be deduced that there are more rooms for improvement in this aspect. One must be able to discern which types of interruptions prevent me from completing scheduled tasks or responsibilities in an effective manner according to prescribed time frame. The interruptions in one’s daily routine

Company Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Company Law - Essay Example al proclamations; for instance, Principle 1 of the 1992 Rio Declaration on Environment and Development   argues that human   are at the center stage of   viable improvement, and are therefore entitled to a vigorous and fruitful existence in synchronization with nature† (Vanclay, 2003, 6). Moreover, â€Å"Principle 17†requires that an impact evaluation be done. States or trading blocks are legislated by these regulations. Most of the trading partners and affiliates within economic blocks are governed by common trade laws. From the state level, these laws are passed down to the companies that are in operations within these countries that are member companies that are operating from outside. For instance, the countries affiliated to European Union are corporately governed by the principles of respect of human rights and environmental conservation. These principles are instituted by adherence of the trade laws that restrict and control imports or exports of harmful goo ds to environment and human rights. Moreover, there are the commonly assented to regulations within â€Å"the free trade preferential operation countries† and therefore the companies are as bound by the law from other countries as they are while within their mother countries. Such regulations that govern company operations with European countries areâ€Å"EU’s  Generalised  System  of  Preferences  (GSP)  and  GSP+  systems,  its  Forest  Law  Enforcement,  Governance  and  Trade  scheme  (FLEGT),  and  its  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœhuman  rights  clauses’  in  free  trade  agreements,  in  particular  the  EU?Cariforum  and  the  EU?Korea  agreements†. Moreover, the European Union has reaffirmed her commitment as regards to protecting human rights and specifically children rights through enacting regulatory measure within the... This paper approves that legal provisions to the rights of life now through expansion encompass the provision to healthy environment. In India, the interpretation of the right includes saving the environment for future generations. States or trading blocks are legislated by these regulations. Most of the trading partners and affiliates within economic blocks are governed by common trade laws. From the state level, these laws are passed down to the companies that are in operations within these countries that are member companies that are operating from outside. For instance, the countries affiliated to European Union are corporately governed by the principles of respect of human rights and environmental conservation. This report makes a conclusion that in the modern day, it is apparently clear that many legal reforms targeting companies and the corporate business world are in the make. However, not much of a differencein purpose and the working can be noted. The countries continue to design these laws to get full control of the private and corporate sector as regards social responsibility in human rights observations and the governance in environmental conservation. Many of these regulations are denying the corporate governance in public limited companies as well as other forms of trade corporations the supremacy in decision-making processes. Many of the decisions taken in running the institutions must therefore be scrutinized in accordance to the legal frameworks that are designed in these countries.

East Asia Past and Present Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

East Asia Past and Present - Essay Example The membership has expanded to ten countries that include Laos, Burma, Cambodia, Brunei and Vietnam. East Asia had experienced decades of internal conflicts and economic depression, but the formation of ASEAN enabled sub-regional cooperation and trade liberalization (Borthwick 71). The main three pillars include economic growth and cooperation, social progress, and political-security. The model of security and stability in the region attained high success and ASEAN started playing a major security role in even beyond Southeast Asia. The security matters in Southeast Asian countries encompass various political, economic, social, cultural and military dimensions and ASEAN has utilized regional cooperation in order to further peaceful external environment and allow the member states to concentrate on their domestic development priorities (Borthwick 29). ASEAN was a focus of rivalry and competition between the US and Soviet Union, but ASEAN preferred regional solutions by declaring the r egion as a Zone of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality in 1995 (Holcombe 241). ASEAN rise to greater importance in East Asia affairs has been facilitated by the ASEAN Free Trade Area that aims at enhancing the competitive advantage of local manufacturing. The region has signed free trade agreements with China, Japan, Australia and India that aim boosting economic growth in the community. The free trade agreements have led to consistent growth in member states GDP by between 4 percent to 7 percent since the end of Cold War. The region has benefited from technology transfer and e-commerce evolution since member states like Malaysia and Singapore account for more than 50 percent of e-commerce transactions in the entire region (Borthwick 81). The economic community is committed to equitable economic development and integration with the global economy as demonstrated by the consistent reduction in import duties (Borthwick 112). ASEAN member states

Shear Testing in Made Ground Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Shear Testing in Made Ground - Essay Example otechnicians and construction firms to determine the usability of Made Ground through the estimation of its strength and necessary properties (Bouazza et al., 1997). Made ground can be easily found all around us: they could be in the form of sandy, silt, clay and loamy soil (Bouazza et al., 1997). Shear Testing is a standardized laboratory test that has been used to detect the mechanical properties of Made ground, most especially its tensile strength (Woodward, 2005). Such a test is helpful in determining the usability of the ground and outlining the soil’s harmful contents that may make construction works on the ground impossible. In this case, serious consideration is given to the environmental impact of soil properties: how does the environment is affected by the constituents of a soil? Are there some harmful objects in the soil, for instance in brownfield and other abandoned property? (Geltman, 2000). Shear Testing of Made Ground can be simply carried out by using the Direct Shear Test (Das, 2008). Information about the standard reference, test expectations, equipment, test procedures, test data and analysis are provided as follows: Being the commonest method of discovering the tensile strength of soils, Direct Shear Test could help to estimate the angle of internal friction (Hillel, 1998). When plotting the shear stress against the horizontal displacement, the maximum, shear stress can be obtained. Therefore, after carrying out several vertical-confining stresses, it is possible to plot the maximum shear stress against the vertical confining stresses for each of the tests produced. Then a straight-line approximation of Mohr-Coulomb failure envelope curve could be drawn (Parry, 1995). And the shear strength of the soils under investigation could be estimated using the formula below: ix. I started the motor with chosen speed so that the rate of shearing is at a selected constant rate, and take the horizontal displacement gauge, vertical displacement gauge

Company Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Company Law - Essay Example al proclamations; for instance, Principle 1 of the 1992 Rio Declaration on Environment and Development   argues that human   are at the center stage of   viable improvement, and are therefore entitled to a vigorous and fruitful existence in synchronization with nature† (Vanclay, 2003, 6). Moreover, â€Å"Principle 17†requires that an impact evaluation be done. States or trading blocks are legislated by these regulations. Most of the trading partners and affiliates within economic blocks are governed by common trade laws. From the state level, these laws are passed down to the companies that are in operations within these countries that are member companies that are operating from outside. For instance, the countries affiliated to European Union are corporately governed by the principles of respect of human rights and environmental conservation. These principles are instituted by adherence of the trade laws that restrict and control imports or exports of harmful goo ds to environment and human rights. Moreover, there are the commonly assented to regulations within â€Å"the free trade preferential operation countries† and therefore the companies are as bound by the law from other countries as they are while within their mother countries. Such regulations that govern company operations with European countries areâ€Å"EU’s  Generalised  System  of  Preferences  (GSP)  and  GSP+  systems,  its  Forest  Law  Enforcement,  Governance  and  Trade  scheme  (FLEGT),  and  its  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœhuman  rights  clauses’  in  free  trade  agreements,  in  particular  the  EU?Cariforum  and  the  EU?Korea  agreements†. Moreover, the European Union has reaffirmed her commitment as regards to protecting human rights and specifically children rights through enacting regulatory measure within the... This paper approves that legal provisions to the rights of life now through expansion encompass the provision to healthy environment. In India, the interpretation of the right includes saving the environment for future generations. States or trading blocks are legislated by these regulations. Most of the trading partners and affiliates within economic blocks are governed by common trade laws. From the state level, these laws are passed down to the companies that are in operations within these countries that are member companies that are operating from outside. For instance, the countries affiliated to European Union are corporately governed by the principles of respect of human rights and environmental conservation. This report makes a conclusion that in the modern day, it is apparently clear that many legal reforms targeting companies and the corporate business world are in the make. However, not much of a differencein purpose and the working can be noted. The countries continue to design these laws to get full control of the private and corporate sector as regards social responsibility in human rights observations and the governance in environmental conservation. Many of these regulations are denying the corporate governance in public limited companies as well as other forms of trade corporations the supremacy in decision-making processes. Many of the decisions taken in running the institutions must therefore be scrutinized in accordance to the legal frameworks that are designed in these countries.

Shear Testing in Made Ground Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Shear Testing in Made Ground - Essay Example otechnicians and construction firms to determine the usability of Made Ground through the estimation of its strength and necessary properties (Bouazza et al., 1997). Made ground can be easily found all around us: they could be in the form of sandy, silt, clay and loamy soil (Bouazza et al., 1997). Shear Testing is a standardized laboratory test that has been used to detect the mechanical properties of Made ground, most especially its tensile strength (Woodward, 2005). Such a test is helpful in determining the usability of the ground and outlining the soil’s harmful contents that may make construction works on the ground impossible. In this case, serious consideration is given to the environmental impact of soil properties: how does the environment is affected by the constituents of a soil? Are there some harmful objects in the soil, for instance in brownfield and other abandoned property? (Geltman, 2000). Shear Testing of Made Ground can be simply carried out by using the Direct Shear Test (Das, 2008). Information about the standard reference, test expectations, equipment, test procedures, test data and analysis are provided as follows: Being the commonest method of discovering the tensile strength of soils, Direct Shear Test could help to estimate the angle of internal friction (Hillel, 1998). When plotting the shear stress against the horizontal displacement, the maximum, shear stress can be obtained. Therefore, after carrying out several vertical-confining stresses, it is possible to plot the maximum shear stress against the vertical confining stresses for each of the tests produced. Then a straight-line approximation of Mohr-Coulomb failure envelope curve could be drawn (Parry, 1995). And the shear strength of the soils under investigation could be estimated using the formula below: ix. I started the motor with chosen speed so that the rate of shearing is at a selected constant rate, and take the horizontal displacement gauge, vertical displacement gauge

Censorship and Rebellion Essay Example for Free

Censorship and Rebellion Essay The square in China was a act of rebellion because the citizens stood up against Cherman Mao. Tone has to do with auditory (what you hear). Tone in writing represents things you hear from the author’s writing. In Fahrenheit Four Hundred Fifty One Bradbury uses tone to show rebellion. Rebellion can be described as defiance of anything authority, control, or tradition. In this case Montag plans to rebel against control. Bradbury uses tone to characterize Faber and Montag’s rebellion as futile because Faber does not want to help Montag with his plan. Ray Bradbury uses tone to explain how Montag’s plan becomes useless because Faber does not believe in his plan. Montag went to Faber’s house to tell him about how they should rebel against burning books â€Å"Mr. Montag, you are looking at a coward. I saw the way things were going, a long time back. I said nothing. I’m one of the innocents who could have spoken up and out when no one would listen to the ‘guilty,’ but I did not speak and thus became guilty myself. And when finally they set the structure to burn the books, using the firemen, I grunted a few times and subsided, for by them. Now it’s too late†, the tone sounds as if Faber does not believe that Montag’s plan becomes useless because the citizens in their world are accustom to not having books and not speaking up for what is right. Bradbury uses tone to display how Montag’s rebellion becomes useless because he has no one who will rebel with him. This tone happens when Montag tries to tell Faber his plan. â€Å"Not if you start talking the sort of talk that might get me burnt for my trouble. The only way I could possibly listen to you would be is somehow the fireman structure itself could be burnt. Now if you suggest that we print extra books and arrange to have them hidden in firemen’s houses all over the country, so that seeds of suspicion would be sown among these arsonists, bravo I’d say! † (pg. 81) When Bradbury writes â€Å"Burnt for my trouble†, the tone sounds like Faber was not willing to risk his life for the rebellion against books being destroyed. Ray Bradbury uses tone to point out how Montag’s rebellion will be futile because who he came to for help (Faber) does not even want to help him; he just points out the negative things of rebelling. This tone happens when Montag was telling Faber, the people that might be able to help. † Can’t trust people, that’s the dirty part you and I and who else will set the fires? †(pg. 83) When Bradbury writes â€Å"Can’t trust people†, the tone sounds like Faber believes citizens not being able to be trusted revels that the rebellion will be unsuccessful and should not be done. Ray Bradbury uses tone to show how Faber believes the rebellion will have an unsuccessful ending. In his writing he demonstrates how Faber states things that make Montag’s rebellion very useless. He also shows how Faber shows unwillingness to risk his life just to save books and the idea in books. Also how Faber feels it is too late to try to change the burning of the books. Bradbury writes about rebellion because he does not believe in banning books and believes that people should be aware of all aspects of life. Meaning he revels through his character’s development that the world he lives in needs transformation.

Business Game As A Training Method

Business Game As A Training Method The use of lecture, handout, case studies, coaching, and other methods are very common for the training purposes. Each of the method has its own specific usage and yet it also consists of its limitation. Business games are different from the traditional training method and it has now shown to be a valuable and enjoyable teaching tool. They allow the participant to be involved directly instead of just hearing or reading how to do something (Gilgeous, Dcruz, 1996). According to Fortmà ¼ller 2009, business game is one of the most important methods to acquire technical and problem-related knowledge. With the adequate set up, business games able to be a practical teaching-learning arrangement that combine both the natural predisposition of the players with planned and directed knowledge acquirement. Under a suitable learning condition together with an appropriate structure and dynamic of games, the player would be able to acquire new skills and knowledge. However, it is not possible to include all knowledge and skills into one game. Therefore, it would be the best to carry out several games instead of one. There are few business games that are famous among UPM students such as LOrà ©al Brandstorm and OSK Investment challenge. These games gave the students a good opportunity to take on the role as a marketing brand manager or learn more about the capital market to put their knowledge to test. Although using games as a tool for training purpose may sound attractive, but there are also few negatives consequences from it. Therefore, it should always be remember that there is no single tool is perfect and extremely effective. 2.0 Advantages of business game: With globalization growing rapidly and advancement of technologies, more organizations are using computer based simulations instead of the traditional board games used for business training. Although times have changed, business games are still a preferred tool in training employees. The various advantages of business games ability to simulate the whole organization provide a better perspective than other training methods. 2.1 Real world experience The advantage of business games is that it provides hands-on experience in business related practices and problem solving from the real world. It is designed to let participants experience real job requirements in order to prepare them for the future. Participants are given real business scenarios and will try to solve the various problems using the knowledge that they possess and the new training input. As players get to face challenges from the business world, they will be able to acquire better understanding about the real world job requirements. According to Fortmuller, (2007), repetitive actions through a certain activity will lead to the gain of skills known as procedural knowledge. By exposing real situations to employees, they will be able to improve themselves. 2.2 Improve leadership and management skills Participants in business games will be able to hone their skills to a higher degree after repeatedly playing the game (Gonen, Brill, Frank, 2009). Because business game involves constant interacting with group members and solving problems using suitable strategies, an employees leadership and management skills will improve. Participants will experience the real world emotions through the business game when interacting and coordinating among fellow group members. Building bonds and expending networks with people can be a good side effect from business games as it will be useful in the future. Employees will be given the chance to lead teams and manage projects through the simulation of real world business which ultimately improves their performances. 2.3 Faster learning time The advantage of business game is that it can provide multiple training in a short period of time for the participant. By compressing time, the participants of business games will learn at a faster rate compared to normal training methods. By taking part in business games, participants can learn, apply and adapt at the same time, thus shortening the time of learning. The compressed topics intended for learning will be absorbed easily by the participants as they can physically and psychologically experience it. 2.4 Enjoyable way of learning Another advantage of business game is that it encourages active learning among the participants. With their high involvement rate in the business game, it encourages learning compared to passive involvement. As business game creates a fun and laidback atmosphere, participants will embrace the training program willingly and thus increases the success of the training (Gilgeous DCruz, 1996). Business game helps to lower the perceived threat level of a participant which later creates a clearer picture of the intended outcome. Participants will also more creative as the informal environment makes it okay for making mistakes. Improve memory retention Business games also have the advantage of retaining information and memory learnt by participants. The information of the training are easily absorbed and remembered by participants, this is because real business situation are presented in an exhilarating way. When participants are given the opportunity to practice analytical techniques in a comfortable and supporting environment, they will improve memory detainment by 70%. Through constant feedback from decisions made, participants will be able to improve learning as they learn from their mistakes. Using business game as a training tool will boost the memory of participants as feedback through successful or non-successful decisions made. 3.0 Disadvantages of business game: Since business game gives the company so many advantages, it may seem like the obvious way Reason to choose this training method compared to the rest. However, no training method is perfect and business games also have some setbacks. 3.1 Oversimplifications of reality A disadvantage of business game is that the game scenario is just modified from the model of reality. The learning outcome is hard to measure from the contribution of business game training method because simulation alone cannot accurately represent the real world which has more challenges and changes. The business game lacks verisimilitude for the player to learn true experience. 3.2 Limitation of learning effectiveness Meanwhile, another drawback for business games would be oversimplification of the business world compared to the real world; which is more complex to model accurately and this may limit potential learning. Business game is regarded as an educational medium but it has limitations in learning effectiveness, (Stainton, Johnson, Borodzicz, 2010). This is because the game only chooses some aspect and phenomena from reality which can be limiting the players area to discover the knowledge and skills into consideration in the game scenario. 3.3 Players decision lack of responsibility Moreover, the players might lack responsibility for their decisions which are made in the simulation game because the games outcomes do not affect the real situation of a player or other people. For instance, a players financial situation in the game do not influence the players financial in the real world. So, the players might not take it seriously on the decision making in the business game. 3.4 Costly Designing a valid and reliable business game is costly. The costs include designing a high quality model of business game, materials, finding qualification designers and facilitators. The simulation implementation needs to be designed as well and suggest several considerations, (Stainton et al., 2010). At the same time, designing a high quality model and implementing the business game with validity and reliability is problematic, which might cost the organization millions in expenses. There are many considering essential criteria such as complexity and realism of representation, depth of content, and method of implementation, (Stainton et al., 2010). On the other hand, finding the qualification facilitators also is a challenge because the companies have to pay extra to trainer hire qualification facilitators so that they can give the right directions and instructions to control the situation with strategically and effectively toward achievement of a desired goal (Kato, 2010). 3.5 Di ¬Ã¢â€š ¬er signi ¬Ã‚ cantly of participants behaviors and poses in real life Participants may act different from their behaviors in real life. Additional, they might not get involved in training games fully and lacking attention in the game will lead to breaking rules which might cost the objective of the training. 3.6 Game is consider as an entertainment than as education Most the participants of the business game are mature people and it is hard to control their perception of the business game as mere fun and fad than learning; this can be compromise the result of educational validity. Sometimes business game has been used to fill time and do not bring out any value outcomes. So, this factor can lead to wasteful of money and time for the companies who have to spend unnecessary cost. 4.0 Condition Running a business game requires no specific condition. It can be a simple board game or a professionally constructed simulation game. Although business game can be one of the simplest to implement and cost effective, the result from the kind of business game may differ. Thus, to determine which conditions used we should refer to the following procedure. First, determine the problem that an organization face and identify the objectives that wish to be accomplished. One of the ways to determine the goals of the training can be done through the Training Need Analysis. It will help to find out who need which type of training and under what condition. Next is choosing the most suitable business game based on the objectives to maximize the learning outcome among employees. The business game chosen may be simple as long as it can support the intended training objectives. By selecting a suitable game that can meet the objective and consider the possible constrain such as budget, place setting, and method, it will let the organization train employees in the wanted areas. After choosing what kind of business game, the organization has to apply it. The correct implementation will also affect the outcome of the training program. Although the right method of training is chosen, poor organization and weak enforcement may comprehend the effect of the business game. Monitoring the game process and ensuring it achieves the objective requires good implementation. The final step in carrying out a business game is evaluation. Evaluation is important because it determines whether the business game succeeds in achieving the objectives. The training of employees will be evaluated to gauge the effectiveness of the business game conducted. The use of Donald Kirkpatricks evaluation model is used to evaluate the outcome of the game. If the outcome is not favor then it has to change certain condition of the game. 5.0 Conclusion In conclusion, it is not easy to conduct a successful business game as it needs a lot of effort from the company to create an effective game. The most effective games to users must be those able to maintain interest, effective, teach a concept and enjoyable (Gilgeous et al., 1996). Beside that it should also be develop based on the companys business environment and strategy.

Corporate Code of Conduct Policy Essay -- Business Ethics

Code of Conduct guidelines must be practical, compliable and of dynamic essence. The guidelines should encompass a reactive and proactive approach, thus should consider past experiences that touched our organization’s fiber, as to future challenges and potential risks that could be avoided or minimized if we plan ahead. Even though our Code of Conduct prefers to display a proactive envision, the truth is that we are unable to provide for every single situation that we’ll encounter while fulfilling our responsibilities. Very honestly, we believe that there is no Code of Conduct that could hold all the potential risks, issues and ethical dilemmas that may arise in an organization. Nevertheless, we also believe that is possible to keep our dynamic approach while polishing our guidelines with current market trends, social evolution and whereas encountering probable loopholes that could induce to certain reproachable situations, among other considerations. With this nuance, we are to discuss potential elements of federal scope that should be considered and included in our Code of Conduct. In other words, after contrasting the nature of our business, the Code of Conduct guidelines, with our Federal legislations and consequently, evaluating potential risks; we have identified several key-points that must be carefully measured. It is important to emphasize that for current discussion purposes; we will not cover the whole context of the law, but rather, will only offer a brief summary with sound key-points that are being use to amend our Code of Conduct guidelines. Our Code of Conduct amendments will include the following precepts: a) Refusal to deal, exclusive dealing and pricing discrimination b) Insider trading c) Mail f... ...ctionary of Law. Retrieved from http://www.credoreference.com/entry/collinslaw/federal_trade_commission_act Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914. (2003). In Wall Street Words. Retrieved from http://www.credoreference.com/entry/hmwsw/federal_trade_commission_act_of_1914 Federal Trade Commission (FTC). (2003). In Webster's New World Finance and Investment Dictionary. Retrieved from http://www.credoreference.com/entry/wileynwfid/federal_trade_commission_ftc Insider Trading. (2002). In World of Criminal Justice, Gale. Retrieved from http://www.credoreference.com/entry/worldcrims/insider_trading Consumer Fraud. (2002). In World of Criminal Justice, Gale. Retrieved from http://www.credoreference.com/entry/worldcrims/consumer_fraud Mail Fraud. (2002). In World of Criminal Justice, Gale. Retrieved from http://www.credoreference.com/entry/worldcrims/mail_fraud

Social Security in the 21st Century :: essays research papers

The 2004 Report of the Social Security Trustees is in; but the jury is still out à ½arguing the findings of the report. Agree or not, the masses have a good idea of à ½the final ruling and they all agree that the current state of the social security à ½system has suffered, for a very long time, from an ongoing deficit problem that à ½will continue to grow unless immediate steps are taken to address the problem. à ½People, on both sides of the fence, argue in support or against the president’s à ½proposed plan to save the Social Security system. Yet, they all concede and à ½acknowledge that in reality a problem does exist; and unless calculated à ½measures are taken, this problem cannot be controlled and will snow ball the à ½Social Security System into bankruptcy.à ½ The Social Security system was designed in 1935 for a world that is very à ½different from today. In 1935, most women did not work outside the home. Today, à ½about 60% of women work outside the home. In 1935, the average American did à ½not live long enough to collect retirement benefits. Today, life expectancy is 77 à ½years. (2004 Report of the Social Security Trustees, p. 81) Benefits are expected à ½to rise dramatically over the next few decades. Because benefits are tied to wage à ½growth rather than inflation, benefits are growing faster than the rest of the à ½economy. This benefit formula was established in 1977. As a result, the current à ½Ãƒ ½20-year old contributor is promised benefits, which are 40% higher than what will à ½be paid to seniors who retire this year. However, the current system does not à ½have the money to pay these promised benefits. Furthermore, the retirement of à ½the Baby Boomers will accelerate the problem. In just 2 years, the first of th e à ½Baby Boom generation will begin to retire, putting added strain on a system that à ½was not designed to meet the needs of the 21 century. By 2031, there will be à ½almost twice as many older Americans as today, a drastic increase from 37 à ½million today to 71 million. à ½ Currently, there are fewer workers to support our retirees. When Social à ½Security was first created, there were 40 workers supporting every one retiree. At à ½the same time, most workers did not live long enough to collect retirement à ½benefits from the system. Since then, the demographics of the society have à ½changed dramatically where people are living longer and having fewer children.

Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie

N. Hart English Honors Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie by David Lubar #7Explain why you think this book will or will not be read 100 years from now. Support your opinion by stating specific events in the story. One hundred years from now I believe this book will be read as it contains most problems faced by incoming freshmen in high school. The book is well written and is fun to read as the main character, Scott Hudson employs literary uses while he writes in his journal to his unborn sibling, who he calls Smelly of his high school experiences.Every teenager faces problems while in high school and some of them are addressed in this book. The issues that are evident in this book are friendship issues, school issues, family dynamics, transition from childhood to adulthood, and actions have consequences. Friendships made in elementary school or middle school can only last in high school if the friends stay in the same city, their interests remain the same, academic performances are given th e same priority, and maturity levels develop at the same rate. Scott’s best friends from middle school are Mitch, Patrick, and Kyle.Scott wishes that they remain friends forever as he calls them â€Å"Three Musketeers. † Scott is not in the same classes as his friends. He has honors and college prep classes and they all have tech prep classes. Mitch gets a girlfriend and has no time for the others. Patrick moves to Texas and then is relocated to Japan because of his father’s work. Kyle, who others think is tough when actually he broke his nose falling off a rocking horse, stands up for his â€Å"bookworm† friend early on in their freshman year but gets on the wrestling team and soon ignores Scott.Once Kyle joins another group he no longer wants to maintain a friendship with Scott because they have different social status in high school. Scott does make some new friends in high school. An inadvertent friend is Wesley Cobble, a tough senior who in the begin ning of school â€Å"shakes down† Scott for money. They meet at the school office where Scott went to get a file for his English teacher, Mr. Franka and Wesley was sent because he was in trouble. Wesley asks Scott why he’s at the office and not wanting to lie, Scott responds that he got to the office by â€Å"perambulation,† which means walking.Wesley buys it and thinks Scott is in trouble too. Later that day at lunch, Wesley sits by Scott in the lunchroom. Scott is not sure why Wesley would want to sit by him and tries to figure this out. One morning Scott is waiting for the bus and Wesley drives by and stops asking Scott if he wants a ride to school. Scott gets into Wesley’s car because he is tired of being confronted by the upper classmen and soon they become friends. For teenagers there can be a lot of school problems to deal with. Scott’s first Spanish teacher is actually a French woman. Then he gets an Australian man to teach him Spanish.He c an’t understand these teachers but realizes his other classmates can’t either. Scott’s classes are hard and he gets a lot of homework. As a result, he has to spend hours trying to get the work down and gets little sleep. S becomes a priority for him. Scott’s PE teacher makes them physically work hard. He even makes them do physical activity when it is freezing. Also, upper classmen constantly pick on freshmen. Scott writes, â€Å"Keep away from seniors. Keep away from juniors. It’s probably a good idea to avoid sophomores, too, since most of them seem to want revenge for what happened when they were freshmen. Scott’s experiences with upper classmen make him realize that you shouldn’t ask directions because they will send you to the wrong place. While on a school bus they usually hit you in the back of the head so sit behind a tall guy. Don’t carry your books under your arm in a crowded hall because they will knock them out. Ol der student council members don’t listen to the freshmen so why join. Lastly, while being on crew for the school play, they make you do all work. Everyone’s family dynamics are different but there are always some issues within the family that causes concern.Scott feels that Bobby, his older brother got the good genes and asks his mom if he was adopted because he is not good with tools. Scott soon realizes that Bobby is struggling to find his own place in the world. Also that Bobby can hardly read and that is why he became so outgoing and got into trouble a lot in high school. They were hiding Bobby’s real problem. Scott also is watching his parents deal with the approaching birth of their third child and is worried that the baby will change things and his parents will not have time for him.The transition from childhood to adulthood is done by everyone is it is called maturing. Scott knows that Kyle is ignoring him but still doesn’t want to acknowledge it because it hurts too much since they used to be good friends. When Kyle tells him that Julia Baskins is out of his league, Scott realizes that he has outgrown their friendship because Kyle is less mature than him. Scott becomes more adventuresome by participating in the school paper, the Zenger Gazette as the sports writer, getting on the student council, and being part of the crew for the school play.All of these activities were to be near Julia who doesn’t succeed in obtaining positions on any of these extracurricular activities but Scott fulfills his responsibilities to them. Lee is another character that shows growth. She is new to the school and wears strange clothing, has piercings, and strange colored hair. Other kids at school call her â€Å"Weirdly† which is a combination of her name, Lee and weird. Her appearance keeps others at a distance. She has the love of literature in common with Scott. When Scott picks her up at her house to go to the last school dance of the year, Lee has changed her appearance to be normal.Another issue that is relatable to teens is that actions have consequences. This is shown when Mouth attempts suicide by hanging himself. Scott feels extremely guilty for he thinks that he may have pushed Mouth over the edge by telling him that he has no clue what girls think at a dance; which resulted in Mouth asking all the girls to dance with him a second time and be rejected by them. When Scott gets a chance to visit Mouth in the hospital he finds out that Mouth feels alone and lonely. That is why he did it.Scott points out that suicide leaves a mess that someone else would have to clean up. Also, when Scott first heard of someone from their school had committed suicide he first thought it was Lee as she always wore dark clothes and likes literature with vampires and death. He immediately feels guilt thinking that she might not have done it if he had been nicer to her and talked with her not caring what others might think . Another effect of one person’s actions is when Scott finally feels comfortable to talk with Wesley about him beating up people and taking their lunch money.Scott relates it to how would Wesley’s imaginary younger brother feel would if that type of bullying was done to him. Wesley seems to understand what Scott is telling him and this conversation may change Wesley to become a better person. Another action that had consequences is when Mouth put in Scott’s piece in the Zenger Gazette relating the football team to food; where Vernon is referred to a hotdog. Scott knows that Vernon is mad about that and wants to beat him up and knowing that Scott has a crush on his girlfriend, Julia. Vernon finally gets his chance by having Kelly lure Scott to a vacant classroom.When Scott gets home his father knows that he was in a fight but Scott tells him that, â€Å"it wasn’t a fair fight but that it is over. † I believe the problems that Scott Hudson encountere d in this book can be the same for high school students. Every new high school students faces the anxiety of the unknown when they first get into high school. This summer reading assignment gave us a glimpse of what those problems may be and let us see how the character, Scott handled them. I enjoyed reading Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie and think that this book will be read a 100 years from now.