Microeconomics and the Law of Supply and Demand Essay

During the simulation of Goodlife Inc. I was able to see how the effects of a lower rent verses a higher rent had on the vacancy percentage. In our simulation the town of Atlantis had only one rental agency with apartments available. There were single family homes available too but the need for renting was with apartments. I got to see how the supply and demand worked with this rental property simulation. The town of Atlantis saw a rise in population which led to a higher demand for vacant units. This caused Goodlife to raise its rent to meet the growing demand for its available units. But as the demand for renting the units fell so did the demand. This meant Goodlife had to lower its rental price to meet the lesser demand for renting. This is a good example of microeconomics. When I looked at the simulation for examples of macroeconomics I found it when the government stepped in to put a cap on the rent amount. In the simulation there was a survey that showed individuals were living outside of Atlantis rather than renting a place in the city limits where they work. As many of us do currently in our own lives we usually can’t afford to live in the city or area where the best jobs are. I am a prime example, I commute 50 miles one way to work as it’s where the best salary is. I live in an area where housing and rents are affordable and the overall cost of living is cheaper too. In the simulation, the government put a cap of $1550 for the monthly rent of a two bedroom apartment. This was meant to allow middle class families and individuals the opportunity to live where they work. Because of the rent cap, Goodlife didn’t rent out every apartment available as profits would not be able to keep up with the maintenance cost of having every uni t rented. When we look at what a shift in supply and demand curve we see that clearly when Lintech Inc. moved into Atlantis creating more jobs. As soon as  Lintech did this it increased the population of Atlantis which was the shift in the supply curve. This was a negative impact for Goodlife as there was more population needing apartments and not enough two bedroom apartments available. The demand curve now goes up because of the population growth and need for more apartments. With Lintech moving into the city and the population now increasing the demand it means that the quantity demand is now more than quantity supplied at the original equilibrium. This also caused a temporary shortage in the market of two bedrooms apartments in Atlantis. Rental rates went up due to the higher demand. Also quantity demand decreased and quantity supplied increases which leads to a reduction of apartments or shortage of apartments. To get to the new equilibrium the adjustment needs to get between the new demand curve and the original supply curve. When the new equilibrium is reached the rental rates are now higher than they were before. This also means that the number of apartments that are demanded and the supply of apartments has also increased. I can apply this supply and demand to my workplace job. When I have a customer that wants to ship more packages with us on a new daily bases I have to look at the new demand. Before their demand for shipping more I didn’t need extra couriers and trucks to handle the day’s deliveries. Now with the new demand I have to get my supply of couriers and trucks at the last minute. This causes me to have to spend more money to rent more vans and hire more employees. Overall my cost go up with the demand of more shipping packages, but so does my profit as I am able to use more supplies to handle the new demand. To better understand how the concept of microeconomics helps me understand the factors that affect shifts in supply and demand on the equilibrium price and quantity I have to look at the competitors and their prices. The bidding for the competition and where it comes across the equilibrium is the point at which the new equilibrium is now. But under the view of macroeconomics it is seen when the jobs and population grew. This effected the increase and decrease on the available apartments. Now the equilibrium  for rentals is higher then it was before the move in by Lintech. So is the number of apartments demanded and supplies has increased. In the simulation we saw how with lower prices meant that the demand was higher. But with the demand for apartments came higher prices. But if the price was to increase too much the demand for apartments would decrease. There is also a possibility that it could remain the same over a short period of time, then decrease if prices didn’t change. This simulation showed lots of possibilities that could exists in today’s world, or at least in Atlantis. We see what price could do to supply and demand for apartments and what demand could do to price and supply. When either is moved or switched leads to various outcomes the will lead an economy like Atlantis to either run out of its supply of apartments or have an increase in supply of apartments because the prices are too high. Reference Microeconomics, Ninth Edition, David C. Colander (2013) University of Phoenix

Madoff Case Study

Introduction Honesty is one of the basic principles for ethical business conduct. Gaining the trust of customers and investors is paramount in ensuring continued long term success and profits. For over ten years, Bernard Madoff created and grew one of the world’s largest Ponzi schemes known to date. He gained the trust of wealthy friends and prominent charity organizations, served on the chair of NASDAQ, and lived a lavish lifestyle all while keeping a dark secret from those who were the closest to him. Madoff’s deceit was worldwide.Being a man of power, Madoff lured in Ponzi scheme investors all over the globe with the guise and promise of being part of an exclusive club. Regulators are now increasing testing of and instructions to financial intuitions in an effort to protect consumers from another billion dollar scheme. Issues Raised As our test book states, â€Å"When an individual engages in deceptive practices to advance his or her own interests over those of his or her organization or some other group, he is committing fraud†¦ Fraud is any purposeful communication that deceives, manipulates, or conceals facts in order to create a false impression. (Ferrell pg. 78) There is no doubt that Madoff actively breached the trust of the companies involved in the Ponzi scheme. After his family gained awareness of his actions, Madoff admitted to his dealings and was tried and sentenced to 150 years in jail. One of the questions raised by his scheme, is did he work alone? There is proof that an accountant friend assisted, but who else looked the other way while he was pulling the wool over the eyes of millions? Who knew something was wrong, but still participated thinking they too could gain from being at the top of the scheme?This is the promise of such schemes; those at the top get all the benefits. The estimate of losses totals over $50 billion. In order to manage that large of a sum, there would need to be a lot of paperwork somewhere, let alo ne, accountants and workers to control it. He couldn't have done it without the cooperation and assistance of someone well informed who could process trades, report them and create monthly statements. Others had to help him falsify all those reports, conduct mail fraud and create multiple sets of books, while he was at country clubs attracting more investors to be at the bottom of the ladder.However, he still claims to be the only perpetrator. Even with regulators and the SEC on the case, no one will ever know with for sure how many people actually worked for Madoff or how many investors he had or how much money he actually managed. Analysis of Regulation Since the Madoff case came into public view, a spotlight is now shining on the governing bodies of regulation. The investment world is painfully aware of what is possible when auditing regulations are negligent. Shortly after Madoff’s arrest and trial, the SEC took quick measures to ensure the safety and confidence of financ ial investing.Many of the new SEC’s regulation guidelines include: Revitalizing it’s Enforcement Division, Revamping the handling of complaints and tips, Encouraging greater cooperation by ‘insiders', Enhancing safeguards for investors' assets, Improving risk assessment capabilities, Conducting risk-based examinations of financial firms, Improving fraud detection procedures for examiners, Recruiting staff with specialized experience, Expanding and targeting training, Improving internal controls, Advocating for a whistleblower program, Integrating broker-dealer and investment adviser examinations, Enhancing the licensing, education and oversight regime for ‘back-office' personnel. I think one of the best things the regulating bodies can do is provide education to investors and encourage both investors and financial intuitions to demand higher standards of ethics. The SEC, and other regulators, need to stop the wait and see technique and become more proactive in their regulation tactics. I like the idea of having a better whistleblower program for anonymous complaints as well as sporadic audits and training.Bottom line, the more people talk to and about financial practices the better. Conclusion Fraud is the opposite of being honest. As the world adapts to technology and people build relationships with their money and financial institutions, ethical problems are sure to erupt. Fraud was easy during the birth and growth period of technology and the internet, since it’s full capabilities where unknown. Bernard Madoff is not the first to use his position of power to gain the trust of the wealthy or hard working. Many still believe business is a game or war and they think each man is for himself, or no rules apply in the quest for profits and a lavish lifestyle.Because of Madoff and his far reaching, billion dollar scheme, the times have changed and the SEC and regulating bodies are more aware than ever, of how people with knowledge can take advantage and lie to those who don’t have it. The mystery of who knew about and participated in Madoff’s scheme may never be solved, but one thing is for certain, the doors of communication must stay open between business, regulators, and consumers everywhere so we can look out for each other and hold each other accountable for unethical actions. Reference †¢Ferrell, O. C. , J. Fraedrich, and L. Ferrell. Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases. 9th. ed. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning, 2011. Print.

Accounting Theory for Liability and Equity - MyAssignmenthelp

The accounting academics, as well as the developers of accounting standards, have tried to build a conceptual framework for counting, which gives a certain statement about the characteristics plus the objectives of financial accounting along with reporting. Besides this, the framework of accounting can be used as the guideline and guide all the accountants in entire accounting practices. The accounting firework can be useful as it can provide a firm theoretical base in order to provide a cogent explanation about the accounting as well as it helps in making the accounting process logical for the students (Appannaiah, Reddy & Putty, 2010). The main aim of the conceptual framework is to provide the guideline to the accountant throughout the preparation as well as the presentation of the common purpose of financial reports within the public as well as private sectors. The conceptual framework for accounting has the objectives to give a fundamental conception or theory for the accounting. The conceptual framework of accounting helps in detecting as well as defining the qualitative features of the financial information like reliability, relevance, comparability, timeliness, plus understandability. Furthermore, the conceptual framework can help in recognizing and defining the fundamental elements of accounting like assets, liability, equity, income, revenue, expenses as well as profit.  Ã‚   At the low level, it deals with the principles as well as the basic rules for the detection and assessment of the key elements (Britton & Waterston, 2013). It also helps in identifying the information types which would be displayed in the financial reports. However, the attempts to make the radical change by introducing a conceptual framework SAC 4 have failed. The essay is an attempt to explore the reason behind the failure of SAC 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The financial statements of a company should provide the appropriate value of the company. The accountants and auditors should focus on the fair representation of the financial statements. The errors or omissions in the financial statements can lead to the increase or decrease in the value of the company. The income, expense, assets and liabilities should be clearly and fairly stated in the financial statements. Both the FASB and IASB framework considers the objective of the financial reporting is to fairly communicate the financial information to the users. The financial information should be based on the usefulness in the decision-making process. The development of conceptual framework has been a lengthy and complicated process (Holton, 2012). The present focus is on the qualitative characteristics and objective of the financial reporting. The companies should focus on the true and fair view of the company. It has been argued by many people that the previous conceptual framework in cludes the measurement based on the unspecified rules, there is no previous agreement on the objective, logic is circular, and definitions of elements are not workable and also do not provide guidance to the practicing accountants. They have also argued that the previous agreement is not important and also lead to the mechanical decision making. Imprecise and loose definitions and logic can indicate that the accounting is in the pre-science phase. The criticism focuses on the epistemological and ontological assumptions. Thus, accounting can never be unbiased and neutral (Holtzman, 2008). The accountants and auditors play a significant role in depicting the reality and showing the fair value of all the financial items. The material misstatements should be determined that can affect the interests of the shareholders. Apart from this, some people stated that the conceptual framework based on self-interest and professional values. The motivation is to increase the economic through the m onopoly behavior and have gained the social power and acceptance. The accounting professions have to maintain its position and manipulating the attempts at the public regulations. The existence of conceptual framework has increased the conceptual debate level in the standard of setting the process of lobbying. It provides guidance to deal with the problems that are not yet the subject of the accounting standard. The accountants and auditors should provide clear true and fair view of the financial report of the company (Jackling, 2010).   Ã‚   The framework of the study is surrounding the issues which are established by showing the provision of the accounting framework as it is being established by showing the provision of the SAC 4 framework. This is simply explained the benefits and the decrement of the values of the liabilities as it is being provided in the form of the definition of the standards. The FASB statement is showing the financial accounting concepts which are showing the (SAC 4) framework as is being considered for the external reporting as the development of the objectives is considered (Powers & Needles, 2012). The information provided by the standards are showing the establishment of the information which is generally useful for illustrating the usefulness of the information which is beneficial for the purpose of presenting the potential information to the investors and also the creditors. In another way, the rationale established is showing the presented of the selected reporting which enables in showing the appropriate communication process as it is helpful for undertaking the decisions. The framework is also depicted to be surrounding the following objectives that can be achieved by this framework which is enlisted in the following points:- As per the objectives are concerned, these are depicted to be showing the useful financial information’s, but the principles are apart helping in transmitting the information that is necessary for the development of the hierarchy of the qualities. Therefore, the principle characteristics can be easily determined by showing the appropriate, useful information which is showing the complete structure as it is mentioned in the SAC 2. The hierarchical arrangement of the objectives is also showing the ability to the information which is being used for showing the understandability that simply defines the structures of the work (Roode & Leith, 2009). The hierarchy of the work is also presenting the quality measurements which are influencing the financial and the economic decisions as it is shown to be reliable in nature. Thus the material losses can be easily explained by showing the material bias and also the error can be easily categorized. This simply explains the failure of the s tandard SAC 4 for which the inappropriate determination of the values is defined. Since the explanation is also identifying the inappropriate conduct made by the implementation of the framework, then the establishment of the issue is being depicted in the form of showing the removal of the SAC 4 and also the inappropriate transactions are seen in this case. The removal of the issue is becoming the vital reason as it is being explained in this case and also the downfall of the organizational events can be seen by the implementation of this framework (Weil, 2017). These are the issues which are identified in this case and also it is seemed to be leading to the failure of the act as it is being explained in this case. As per the presentation of the work is being made, the errors in the estimations are more as it is being indicated by the implementation of the SAC 4 standard. The inappropriate raising of the issues in the business transactions are identified to be the vital reason for the development of the barriers and also the event destruction is clearly seen in the organizational development. For this reason, the SAC 4 is being removed which is showing the vital cause of the formation of the issues in the organization (Wolf, 2010). There are some archived statements of the accounting concepts such as the SAC 3 as well as SAC 4 were useful until the initial reporting period initiating on or afterward 1 st Jan. 2005, while this specific framework intends for the creation plus presentation of the financial statements according to the AASB the Australian equal to the international IASB framework.  Ã‚  Ã‚   The are several people criticizing the conceptual framework of SAC 4, which help in recognizing and defining the fundamental elements of accounting like assets, liability, equity, income, revenue, expenses as well as profit.   The main issue of this conceptual framework is measurement as the rules for the measurement are not specified in this conceptual framework. Besides this the logic behind the framework is spherical and there is not any previous agreement on the objectives. Apart from this, the definitions of the accounting elements are not workable as well as do not provide any guidance for practicing accounts.  Ã‚   Appannaiah, H., Reddy, P., & Putty, R. (2010).  Financial accounting. Mumbai [India]: Himalaya Pub. House. Britton, A., & Waterston, C. (2013).  Financial accounting. Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Holton, R. (2012).  Global finance. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Holtzman, M. (2008).  What's new in financial reporting. Florham Park, N.J.: Financial Executives Research Foundation. Jackling, B. (2010).  Accounting. North Ryde, N.S.W.: McGraw-Hill Education. Powers, M., & Needles, B. (2012).  Financial accounting. [Mason]: South-Western, Cengage Learning. Revsine, L., & Mittelstaedt, F. (2017).  Financial reporting and analysis. Dubuque: McGraw-Hill Education. Roode, M., & Leith, K. (2009).  Financial reporting. [Pretoria]: [Salt and Pepper]. Weil, R. (2017).  Financial accounting. [Place of publication not identified]: Cengage Learning. Wolf, M. (2010).  Fixing global finance. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Eassay Analysis (human resources) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Eassay Analysis (human resources) - Essay Example It guarantees equal opportunity for individuals with disabilities in public accommodations, employment, transportation, State and local government services, and telecommunications†¦ Persons with HIV disease, both symptomatic and asymptomatic, have physical impairments that substantially limit one or more major life activities and are, therefore, protected by the law. â€Å"(1) A. The act of Marion County in requiring an applicant be medically examined prior to any offer of a job is illegal. In a decided case it was ruled that the â€Å"Chicago Board of Educations requirement for any job applicant to provide a complete medical history and to submit to a medical examination is tantamount to requiring HIV status disclosure and is thus violative of the Disabilities Act (ADA), the Rehabilitation Act, and Federal and State constitutional guarantees to privacy and equal protection under the law.†(3) Thus the â€Å"Board agreed not require applicants to submit to the medical exam unless they have a conditional offer of employment.† (4) B. The act of denying Mr. Poole employment on account that he has AIDS. This allegation by Mr. Poole must first be proven. For him to find a basis for his allegation he must be found to possess all of the following: The ADA prohibits employment discrimination against qualified individuals with disabilities. A "qualified individual with a disability" is a person who meets legitimate skill, experience, education, or other requirements of an employment position he or she holds or seeks, and who can perform the "essential functions" of the position with or without reasonable accommodation. (5) Essential functions of the job are those core duties that are the reason the job position exists†¦Requiring the ability to perform "essential" functions assures that an individual with a disability will not be considered unqualified because

Inflation and the cpi index Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Inflation and the cpi index - Research Paper Example Indeed, it affects financial planning and budgeting where it considers costs for goods and services, labor, and employee benefits (City Budget Office Web). In addition, inflation affects revenues as changes occur in the prices of taxable goods and services. Price inflation is normally confused with â€Å"Price Deflation† which is the percentage decrease in the price of the basket of products over a specific period. However, the question arises as to what measures the inflation rate. The Laspeyres formula applies in calculating the inflation rate that is defined by the consumer price index. This paper looks at the overwhelming evidence supporting that current inflation due to economic and political pressures has adversely effected the consumer price index The consumer price index (CPI) is generally the measure of the average change in the prices paid by urban consumers for a market basket of consumer goods and services over time. Indeed, the CPI represents all goods and service s purchased for consumption by a given population in a program that produces monthly data on changes in the prices paid by urban consumers for available goods and services. ... Indeed, the CPI is best applied when the market has the intention to allow consumers to purchase goods and services at current market prices in equivalence to future purchases. However, the CPI may not be applicable to all population entities and is limited in measurement where it manifests sampling and non-sampling errors (Bureau of Labor Statistics Web). Inflation is caused by many factors that include economic, political, and human activities. The current inflation due to economic and political pressures has adversely affected the consumer price index. As stated herein, there are many causes of inflation where inflation can be long-term or short term. Economic pressures like the need to have more money in the market than the value of goods and services in the market and various shocks of the economy lead to inflation conditions in the economy. Indeed, economic shocks like increases in prices of imported raw materials, increases in costs of production, food and energy price shocks are common examples of the causes of Inflation. This form of inflation has diverse effects on the consumer price index. This is so because the market will not be in a position to effectively, adjust to the effects of the economic pressures. In addition, it causes many distortions in the economy that affect the purchasing power of the population. Moreover, this form of inflation hurts retirees living on a fixed income since when prices raises the retirees cannot buy their normal quantities as their income is fixed (Gerolamo Web). This is a direct effect on the Customer Price Index. In addition, this boosts the value of money presently compared to the future hence they will not save thus affecting the CPI. Indeed, when inflation surfaces, persons that include factories will

Single mother of two kids Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Single mother of two kids - Essay Example re skills that will enable them understand the educational needs of their children based on different age categories for them to be adequately prepared to meet these needs. These skills will involve gaining knowledge on child and adolescent development and provision of suitable home conditions to support children as students at different stages in terms of age and grade. When parents are equipped with the skills necessary in understanding what their children require to successfully progress through various developmental and grade stages, they are able to help these children improve their attitude towards school and life in general. This is because the skills acquired by parents will improve areas such appreciation of teacher efforts, decision making on what is important for the student, confidence in school ability to affect children positively and development of greater understanding of educational programs and personnel. Additionally, schools will also gain proper insight of the di fferent family setups that students come from therefore making it easy to fashion teaching based on individual needs of students (Rockwell, Andre and Hawley, 2009). Parent: Apart from development of various parenting skills, the establishment of effective communication between the school and parents and the community is one of the essential areas in supporting family and community involvement in children. Communication involves teachers and parents always engaging and sharing information about the progress of the student both at home and in school. This form of engagement ensures both teachers, parents and the community at large establish an effective monitoring mechanism to evaluate change in attitude, knowledge and skills as the student progress through various developmental stages and grades. Communication between the teachers and parents is therefore at the center of efforts to monitor whether the student depicts desired or undesired changes and available measures that could be

Stem Cell Legislation in the US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Stem Cell Legislation in the US - Essay Example Since 1998, when the scientists in University of Wisconsin isolated cells for the first time from the inner cell mass of the early human embryo, called the blastocyst, and developed the first human embryonic stem cell lines, an enhanced research is being done to understand therapeutic potential of stem cells. Moreover, the interest of scientists is increasing in regenerative medicines so that the stem cell therapy can be brought to clinics. Research efforts have focused on spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, and other diseases or conditions. Scientists hope to use specialized cells to replace dysfunctional cells in the brain, spinal cord, pancreas, and other organs. The stem cells are obtained from 2-8 days old embryo created by in vitro fertilization (IVF), 5-9 weeks old foetuses aborted by elective abortion, embryos created by IVF or somatic cell nuclear transfer for research purposes and from adult tissues like bone marrow. U sually the concern is over the removal of stem cells from early stage embryos, because the embryo is killed to extract these cells from their inner cell mass. These cells have the highest potential to give rise to any cell type than the adult stem cells. Prior to President Bush's stem cell announcement in 2001, federal law had prohibited HHS from funding human embryo research. No federal funds were given to support research on stem cells derived from human embryos. Research was done through private funding. Bush announced that federal funds would be available to support limited human embryonic stem cell research (HESC). A detailed history of 107 to 111 Congress House Bills and Senate Bills are summarized in the table below. Congress Bills Description 107 House 1. HR 2059-The Stem Cell Research Act, 2001 2. HR 2096-The Responsible Stem Cell Research Act, 2001 3. HR 2747-To codify Clinton Administration's guidelines governing research using human pluripotent stem cells 4. HR 2838-To require NIH to conduct human embryonic stem cells (HESC) and repeal the human embryonic research ban contained within the labour HHS, and Education Appropriations Act 5. HR 2863-To require the establishment of an additional FDA advisory committee to make recommendation on the field of cell development, including HESC and therapeutic cloning Senate 1. S 723- HESC generation and research 2. S 1359-To maintain a stem cell donor bank containing stem cells derived from adult tissue, placentas and umbilical cord blood 108 House 1. HR 534-Human Cloning Prohibition Act of 2003 2. HR 801-Cloning of Humans (to prohibit reproductive cloning but allow therapeutic cloning) 3. HR 916-Human Cloning Research Prohibition Act of 2003 4. HR 938-Human Cloning Prevention Act of 2003 Senate 1. S 245-Human Cloning Prohibition Act of 2003 2. S 303-Human cloning ban and Stem Cell Research Protection Act of 2003 109 House 1. HR 162-Use of Federal Fund to Research an HESC 2. HR 222-Prohibition of Federal Funding for Research on the Cloning of Humans 3. HR 810-The Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act of 2005 4. HR 1357-The Human Cloning Prohibition Act of 2005 Senate 1. S 471- Stem Cell Research

Compensation Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Compensation Strategy - Essay Example However, any compensation strategy must bear the interest and goals of the company and the employee. As such, to achieve this balance, variant compensation strategies apply uniquely in a given company. This paper highlights and evaluates three compensation strategies that can apply in our manufacturing company. Moreover, it will recommend the modes of applying these compensation strategies while considering the company and employee’s interests. Introduction A compensation strategy refers to the planned utilization of the pay system as a fundamental integrating mechanism geared towards achieving company objectives and rewarding employees subject to limitations within the company (Gomez-Mejia, Berrone, & Franco-Santos, 2010). As the human resources manager in our manufacturing company, I have the mandate of evaluating the different compensation strategies that are available for adoption within our organization. Actually, the best compensation strategy will ensure attraction and retention of critical employees. Our manufacturing company has 120 employees and various compensation strategies can apply to them. The compensation strategies that I will evaluate in this paper include the Competitive strategy, Retention-based strategy, and the performance- based strategy. I will hence compare and contrast them with an aim of applying them in our organization. Indeed, the compensation strategies should be reasonable to both the employees and the company itself (Deb, 2009). I will therefore determine recommendations on how to implement them within our organization. Research findings I have done substantial research on the three compensation strategies and gathered relevant information that can help in the application of these strategies in our manufacturing company. Most specifically, in the competitive strategy, the company pays employees the market rate. On the other hand, in the retention-based strategy, the employees earn more as they stay in the company. Additi onally, in the performance- based strategy, the pay relates to the performance of an employee, the team or the entire organization. Specific findings on each compensation strategy follow here in. Findings on the competitive strategy It is notable that one of the main goals of any company is to remain competitive in the market and where possible gain competitive advantage over other competitors (Kumar, 2010). As such, the competitive strategy seeks to retain existing employees in offering them rewards that equal to industry standards. Additionally, this compensation strategy seeks to attract potential employees by motivating them to join the company as it offers compensation that meets what others in the industry offer (Petroleum Human Resources Council of Canada, 2012). Nevertheless, the competitive strategy offers the reference company no competitive advantage over its competitors since its compensation rates are at par with those of its competitors. Hence, this strategy may not mo tivate employees to remain in the company for a long time. Indeed, this strategy keeps the management at risk of fluctuating wages, as the industry would dictate. As such, where the company cannot keep up with the escalating wages, then there is a high risk of employee turnover. Moreover, the existing employees are at a high risk of leaving the company if another company offers higher rewards than the reference com

Reflection Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 5

Reflection Paper - Essay Example Up to this point in time, including this very moment, the Roman Catholic Church is undergoing many changes as secular culture continuously challenges the church to keep up with the signs of the times. We find the church moving in various directions as a result of the many cultures and sub-cultures in America that need attention. It is so important for the church to adopt ways, strategies and techniques so that the mission that was handed down from Christ through the Apostles will be carried out to the end. As a contemporary Roman Catholic priest in today’s America, my vision is to lead my flock to the concept of piety and holiness reflected in these ideas. I hope to live up to the vision of our founder and lead the flock based on the work that was handed down to me by our brothers as it is shaped and defined by the modern era. I will continually seek innovative ways, strategies and techniques to achieve the social, political, economical, religious, institutional and personal goals of the individual members of my flock in keeping with the traditional values and beliefs of our order. Considering these goals, I am recognizing that each one of us is affected one way or the other by those around us and this will be a major challenge. My own vision of the piety and holiness to which I want to lead my flock is that it must first be based on the personal, social, political, emotional, cultural, intellectual and religious background of what I have had experienced throughout the course of my life. This will not be easy as my experiences here in America are an ongoing learning experience culturally and mentally. It will require consistent reflec tion and self-understanding. However, in understanding these things, it is very crucial to consider and internalize the many changes experienced in both the American culture and the Catholic Church on a

Practicum Experience Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Practicum Experience Journal - Essay Example AzHHA (2011) stated that SBAR creates a shared mental model for effective information transfer by providing a standardized structure for concise, factual communications among health care providers. It is indeed essential in a nursing home setting as the condition and needs of each patient must be properly addressed by any personnel at the time of his/her duty. Hence, there is a need to strengthen the communication pattern in the nursing home and in any clinical and medical field where the lives of the patients depend on the reliability and credibility of the evaluation of the situation. During the period of my practicum, I observed that there was a discrepancy in the transfer of clinical information and patient’s data from one shift to another which is something that must be strictly observed by all health practitioners. A systematic approach in passing a patient’s record is a must as it will be the basis of the next health provider’s action. Specifically, the method being used in this turnover of patient’s clinical information/record was not that efficient or somewhat too lenient in my practicum. It is vital for a health care provider to supply all the information to whoever will take his/her duty in an inter shift mode. In my opinion, employing The SBAR method is a great solution for the communication problem in the nursing home. It is a more orderly and systematic approach of transferring information. If utilized, interpersonal interaction among the health care providers would be more dynamic and communication errors would be avoided. As a consequence, these medical professionals will be more focused on the well-being of the

Peer Pressure Essay Example for Free

Peer Pressure Essay Introduction Peer pressure is a social influence exerted on an individual by others in order to get that person to act or believe in a similar way. It is used by a social group, often with the implication that everybodys doing it. This influence can be negative or positive, with a successful result being a change in a persons behavior. Nearly all children experience some form of peer pressure, whether at school, at church or at home among siblings. As a kind of social pressure, it dominates preteen life. Many teens become absorbed into different cliques and groups, spending less time with their families. Much of the personality of a teen can be shaped by a peer group. Negative peer pressure can be a dangerous tool against children, especially younger or insecure children. They may be persuaded to take actions they might otherwise not have considered, such as smoking cigarettes, drinking alcohol or taking drugs. Peer pressure is a problem for adults, who may be coerced, for example, into buying a house or car they cant afford in an effort to keep up with the Joneses. Peer pressure is not always negative, however. A student whose friends excel in academics may be compelled to study hard and get good grades. Influence can also be exerted to get a friend off drugs or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one. Study groups, class projects and athletic groups are examples of positive peer groups. Why I chose the topic – I decided to chose this topic because in the Indian Education System children experience a sudden thrust of freedom and responsibility to shape their future at the same time. In such cases, they can either be well-guided or mis-guided. Peer pressure may also lead to stress and anxiety. Teens have a multitude of issues that can cause them anxiety. The two major settings for this peer pressure teen stress are in their home lives and in the college setting. The stressors are many and diverse. Their feelings can be affected by some of the issues listed below: * The feelings that others and also inside themselves tell them they should do and how they should perform. * Peer pressure teen stress is also caused by the way they feel they are viewed by adults in the college setting. * The peer pressure teen stress to perform in the grades and work they do. * Problems with socializing with other teens. Problems at home with family members. * Having a low self worth. * Always having verbal conflicts with their friends and family. * Low income living conditions for the family. * Peer pressure teen stress is sometimes caused by a major event causing grief or trauma within the family. This could be death, an illness, or parents splitting up. * A split in the relationship with a boyfriend or girlfriend. * The neighborhood in which they live is not a good place. * Having to move to a new home is yet a cause of the peer pressure teen stress. Having to adapt to a new school/college environment. Objectives of the project: The main objective of the project is to discuss the issue of peer pressure under â€Å"no pressure†. The students must be made to understand how they can grasp the good and leave the bad. The project tries to distinguish between Good Peer Pressure and Bad Peer Pressure. It analyses various aspects that cause such a pressure and gives a solution to the same. The project also gives a remedy for overcoming bad peer pressure. The project also makes suggestions as to how can peer-pressure-struck children can be helped. The project also tries to examine the reasons that make children give-in to peer pressure. Here are some other reasons why people give in to peer pressure, that are less known but equally as responsible. †¢ The lack of self-confidence to go ones own way. It is easier to follow the footsteps of another than to make your own. There is also a certain level of safety that comes with following another. Taking the road less traveled by making your own choices takes self-confidence and self-assurance. †¢ The desire to avoid embarrassment. Many people fear embarrassment more than death. Knowing this, it is easy to see how important effective communication can be in responding to peer pressure. For example, if a bunch of peers surround a teenager and asked him if he wants to smoke a cigarette like the rest of them have, and all the teenager can think of is, but my mom said I should just say no. then he is in trouble. It is best to prepare yourself and your children with witty, yet clear and firm responses to known peer pressures. For example, in the above situation the teenager could say, Hmmm, spend my life wasting money, offending people, having bad breath, and killing myself. o thanks.    A good response cannot only save one from embarrassment, but give others the confidence to not give in to the peer pressure as well. Those who lead are often well respected by those who follow. †¢ The lack of using ones own mind. Again it is reacting, rather than responding that causes one to get in trouble. Think about the consequences of your actions, both present and f uture. Dont give in and sacrifice your long-term goals for short-term gratification. †¢ The lack of unbiased information. When someone feels pressure from peers, they are often presented with biased information. Again it is preparation that can help one to avoid peer pressure by knowing all the facts. Anticipate peer pressure in life and get the facts from a reliable source. Educate yourself and your children dont count on the school system to do it. Some of the more common peer pressures experienced in youth that can be prepared for today are smoking, alcohol, drugs, sex, cutting class and committing crimes. The biggest peer pressure in adulthood is being expected to behave, act, and perform like your peers rather than becoming the person you are capable of becoming. Know the reasons for and against these pressures. Resources referred: ? Bullying Prevention Program http://www. clemson. edu/olweus/ ? Take Action Against Bullying www. bullybeware. org ? Steps to Respect: A Bully Prevention Program www. cfchildren. org/str. html ? Breaking the Cycle of Violence: Intervention for Bullying and Victimization (1996) By Richard J. Hazler ? How to Say No and Keep your Friends: Peer Pressure Reversal for ? Teens and Pre-Teens (1997). By Sharon Scott ? CAFS Teacher Talk Volume 1(3) 1996 http://education. indiana. du/cas/tt/v3i3/peerpress. html Preventing Classroom Bullying: What Teachers Can Do (2003). By Jim Wright http://jimwrightsonline. com/pdfdocs/bully/bullyBooklet. pdf ? Resource for parents: http://sitemaker. umich. edu/356. darnell/advice_for_parents Conclusions: Growing up, everyone will experience some form of peer pressure. Peer pressure is the control and influence people of our age may have on us. Peer pressure can occur in many kinds of relat ionships. The way we respond to peer pressure can have a great impact on the decisions we make and, in turn, our total health. There are many different types of peer pressure. There is positive, negative, and manipulation. Positive peer pressure is not limited to following or setting good examples of what to do. It can also provide examples of what not to do. A teen whose friends do not use alcohol or other drugs may be positively influenced to follow their example. Being a good role model is also a great way to demonstrate positive peer pressure. Influencing peers to take part in a positive act or worthwhile cause is a healthful way of influencing others. It can be contagious. We are primarily social beings with a strong need to belong. Throughout our life, we search for the balance between independence and connectedness. How much of ourselves do we give up/compromise in order to belong? The teenage years (and pre-teen) are a time of shifting focus of belonging from family to peers as while also developing a personal identity. Because kids dont yet have the maturity to grasp or to understand the potential consequences of being influenced by their friends, it is difficult for them to see the pitfalls of poor relationships and negative peer pressure. This project is designed to walk us through the inquiry and clarification of the need to feel connected and belong, as well as to be true to ones self while assessing the harmful affects of peer pressure. In addition to the inquiry looking at the costs/benefits belonging, it will identify strategies to deal with negative peer pressure and ways to turn it around, creating positive peer pressure, building leadership and personal power.

Types of essay Essay Example for Free

Types of essay Essay There are various types of essay that every High School, College and University students gets to encounter in the course of the academic program. Essays are typical writing assignments that require a writer to use personal input in order to convey an idea, present/defend an argument or simply get across some information to the audience. There are numerous types of essays that our essay writers can assist you with. 5 paragraph essays 5 paragraph essay is the classic. It is strictly structured to convey a certain idea in exactly five paragraphs. The essay starts out with a clear introduction with a thesis statement praparing the soil for the next 3 paragraphs. Each of the three paragraphs present a point that supports the thesis statement. The essay ends with a conclusion that wraps up all the information presented in the body and refers to the thesis statement once more. Argumentative and persuasive essays In an argumentative (or persuasive) chooses a position on a certain issue and sets out to defend it in the body of the paper. A good argumentative essay identifies the opposition and reviews the opposing views in a conscise and comprehensive manner. These persuasive essays are very popular because such essays are believed to develop persuasion skills which are very important for any person. Our writers know this type of assignment very well and can prepare an argumentative or persuasive essay on virtually any subject. Descriptive essays A descriptive essay is a form of writing used to describe various objects or physical places. The author has an objective to create a vivid portrait of an object so that the audience can have a clear image of the thing being described. An effective descriptive essay will make the reader imagine the object in a very realistic way through utilizing various senses and not merely describing physical appearance. The audience has to be able to see, smell, touch, taste and feel the object being described. This form of writing is widely used in literature. Our writers can assist you with a descriptive essay and can write a unique piece describing any object or place. Expository essays Expository essays are general writing projects that server a purpose of acquainting the reader with a subject. It can be used to explain something, inform or convey a certain idea. The author must go into detail exposing various subpoints that surround the subject. For an essay to be considered expository, it has to dig into the subject and provide an in-depth exploration. If you an expository essay assignment that you would like to have professional assistance with, our writers will be happy to help. Narrative essays A narrative essay is a literary tool used when there is a need to tell a story or present an account of events. The author defines the main character at the beginning of the story. The character introduction is accompanied with the introduction of setting and action. The action reaches culmination and gets resolved by the end of the essay. A well-crafted narrative essay is very effective in keeping the readers attention throughout the story. The author can utilize various literary tools such as humor, fantasy or suspense in order to make an effective presentation. Our writers are very experienced on the subject of narrative essay writing and are capable of preparing very effective pieces.

The limitations of economists’ idea of a perfect capital market

The limitations of economists’ idea of a perfect capital market Introduction This brief study assesses the limitations of economists idea of a perfect capital market as a basis for theorising modern global capital markets. Todays global capital markets have undergone a global tectonic transformation from the erstwhile discrete and largely controlled capital markets. This transformation has led economists to propound various theories to explain the aggressive and changing global economic landscape. However, economists globally still struggle with the continuously evolving environment across trade boundaries and capital market regimes. It is unfortunate that, like most other branches of economics, contemporary developments of knowledge and technology have not trickled back to further develop the fundamental models that most economists deploy to manage their thinking in respect of the global economy (Blecker, 2001, p 1-3). Economic analysis today has been reduced to forecasting. Forecasting has now become the staple work of professional economists. It is impracticable to forecast econometrically in relation to a situation wherein new institutions will function, on the basis of factors forecasted under old institutions. The economic and political outcomes of new institutions need to be assessed as institutions, and not just as variables (Toporowski, 2003, p4-8). This essay critiques the inadequacies of economists view of a perfect capital market. The study also assesses the same being a constraint for hypothesising contemporary global capital markets. Analysis Background There is a distinct relationship between political economy and finance. Arguably, in an era of finance, political economy is liable to be marginalised due to the evident financial sector dynamism that guides economic development during such an era (Toporowski, 2003, p1). Political economy here is used in the conventional sense of the debate of the function of the state in the economy as well as the economic institutions, as also their impact on the key functions of production and distribution (Toporowski, 2003, p1). The above opinion can be demonstrated considering that the classical political economy, (contending in favour of a laissez-faire state), was pushed to the limits of serious economic discussion during the latter half of the nineteenth century. This is because the increased international finance in the gold standard generated a sense of laissez-faire dynamism (Toporowski, 2003, p1). The collapse of that financial boom culminated in the restoration of political economy of the Keynesian revolution. The financial inflation of the concluding decades of the twentieth century subsequently marginalised political economy again. Consequently, economists are looking forward to the restoration of political economy being ushered in primarily due to the deflation of financial systems throughout the advanced capitalist economies (Toporowski, 2003, p1). The latter part of the twentieth century was acknowledged as witnessing the rise of finance. This broke the fragile Keynesian consensus for active state intercession to steady capitalist market economies. So long as the consensus was maintained, political economy was upheld by the apparent debate regarding the limits of state intervention (Toporowski, 2003, p4-8). From the 1970s onwards, the financial markets saw the revival of activity. This activity along with the ensuing inflation of those markets resulted in the scope for political economy being reduced. Complacent certainties relating to the first neo-classical upheaval returned. The economy functions naturally in equilibrium. It is agitated only by imprudent monetary policies or wage rigidities. Also, keen re-financing is equal to comprehensive economic enterprise. This enterprise then, on the back of vigorous financial markets, requires no state support or overt social direction (Toporowski, 2003, p4-8). This becomes obviously true since financial markets are so vigorous. The monetarist counter-revolution, on attaining consensus during the 1980s, ousted political economy. The new political economy during that time was founded by writers like James Buchanan. It offered a natural political economy of social and individual choice, from which the real economic and state institutions were detached, or reduced to merely choice-making mechanisms (Toporowski, 2003, p4-8). Yet, political economy retained its vitality in newly industrialised and developing countries, where the economic volatility accompanying financial inflation has been most obvious. In fact, the re-emergence of such economic volatility within the more financially advanced economies is now laying the foundations for revitalisation of the political economy (Toporowski, 2003, p4-8). Toporowski (2000, p1) in his book The End of Finance, propounds the theory of an era of finance as a period of history in which finance prospers with such brilliance that it takes over from the industrial entrepreneur the leading role in capitalist development. In such an era, Finance becomes the most important political constituency, and is held to be a proper guide to the conduct of business, social and economic policy, and even our personal lives (Toporowski 2003, p4-8). Moreover, financial volatility causes the finanzangst that troubles the ever-increasing population influenced by advancements in the financial markets. That then turns, as argued by Toporowski (2002), into a cause for the concern of the economics profession with predicting economic variables (Toporowski 2003, p4-8). Historical perspective of Global Capital Markets The significance that Bryer (2000a, 2000b, 2004) attaches to Marxs idea of total social capital has deep implications. Many such implications are yet to be explored. Bryer (1994, 1999, 2004) contends that Marx regarded capital as a social disciplining power working on workers, capitalists and managers. Scholars of contemporary business and society employ the term globalisation for a wide description of business trends (Owen, 2005). Bryers work, argues Owen (2005), lays the groundwork for inferring Marxs idea of capital as an expectation of global capital markets. Building on this argument a little further, it may be argued that the schemes of contemporary capital markets can be comprehended as the recognition of Marxs vision. Evidence of this can be found in the close association among stock markets worldwide as also among exchange rates and interest rates within different countries. This implies that capital can be considered to be a solitary fund of money which is indistinguishable by industry or country or legal form search for a return on capital (Owen, 2005). The true test lies in the degree to which global capital markets have realised the potential that Marx predicted. If Marx is understood as expecting global capital markets the real test is the degree to which contemporary capital markets demonstrate the disposition of total social capital (Owen, 2005). Good economic theory A well-defined and enduring economic policy has characteristics that: (1) are based on concepts which are operational and well defined (2) explain behaviour in a lucid manner (3) are general and simple (4) are valuable for scholars and managers (5) are logically coherent and also (6) fit the facts (Owen, 2010). Economic theory is also commonly criticised. The universal criticism is largely directed on the basis that it is based on intangible concepts that can not be operationalised (i.e. where values cannot be ascribed), that it is contradicted by facts, that it has no relevance to contemporary business and also that it lacks internal coherence (Owen, 2010). There have been economists who have propounded numerous theories for example Simons (1959) theory that bounded rationality satisficing rather than maximizing, Watts and Zimmerman (1978) theory that highlighted managerial self interest as a component of the principal agent relationship and Bryers theory of political economy of accounting (Owen, 2010). Yet, all these theories have, over time, also been over-shadowed by the perfect market approach which also suffers from weaknesses (Owen, 2010). Perfect capital markets A perfect market can be defined as one that bears one price that balances demand and supply, and where buyers and sellers are satisfied with such a price. It is a market where one price rules over the whole market and there are no special deals or offers (Owen, 2009a). Further, a perfect capital market, according to the oft quoted definition, is a market without any arbitrage opportunities. The main characteristics of a perfect capital market would comprise of: one price that clears the market, one interest rate, one rate of return on capital, and also a single price for risk (Owen, 2009a). However, the apparent weaknesses in the economists perfect market model emanate primarily from too much importance being given to individual decision-making and the associated assumptions being unrealistic (Owen, 2009a). The weaknesses in the stakeholder approach, on the other hand, stem from too much importance lent to firm level thinking, the need for stakeholders to be prioritised, underestimating the usefulness of accounting and the separation of finance from accounting. These weaknesses in both the approaches highlight the need for developing another diametrically opposite approach to understand the contemporary markets (Owen, 2009a). Contemporary Markets International economists braved the contemporary world of financial and capital market globalisation along with continually floating exchange rates. They organised this with analytical tools and apparatus that was inherited from the past which rendered them incapable to predict what that contemporary world evolve into (Blecker, 2001, p 1-3). This contemporary era is mainly characterised by severe volatility of exchange rates, unrelenting breaches of purchasing power parity, persistent trade imbalances, recurring financial crises, and todays globally interrelated business cycles for instance the recent global downturn of 2000-01. These characteristics were not really what the advocates of the new order had promised or expected (Blecker, 2001, p 1-3). Primarily, mainstream global economists have endorsed the liberalisation of commodity trade as well as capital markets. They have also promoted the move towards flexible exchange rates. However, there have been a few noteworthy conventional dissenters regarding the last point that support permanently set nominal exchange rate parities (Blecker, 2001, p 1-3). Limitations of economists views Since the 1970s global economists have been busy developing novel theoretical and econometric models to attempt to understand the new realities of international finance. Such models are exemplified right from Dornbuschs (1976) pioneering exchange rate overshooting model through to the latest work regarding self-fulfilling speculative attacks, panics and bubbles Through their pioneering effort, international economists have endeavoured to elucidate the exchange rates volatility which was not forecasted by the earlier generations of models (Blecker, 2001, p 1-3). Frequent econometric tests have found certain original stylised facts regarding the global financial system. These facts comprise fairly forceful findings. One finding is regarding the covered interest parity that holds amongst nations permitting liberalised capital flows, whereas uncovered interest parity as well as real interest parity do not hold. Another finding establishes that relative purchasing power parity (PPP) is usually broken at least in the medium and short term, and perhaps also in the long term. A further finding corroborates that no exchange-rates model which is fundamentals-based can forecast their short-term movements time after time better than the supposition of a random walk. Also, current account imbalances have only enlarged and more unrelentingly since the 1980s (Blecker, 2001, p 1-3). Nevertheless, despite these real intellectual advances, the fundamental investigative framework of nearly all international economists stays mired in past intellectual habits. The core theoretical models relating to international economics are still based on suppositions that refute the current realities of global financial markets (Blecker, 2001, p 1-3). Previous ideas for example PPP, the law of comparative advantage, mechanical balance of 3-payments adjustment and also expected exchange rates continue as benchmarks for research. They also dictate both policy advice and pedagogy. As in numerous other spheres of economics, developments at the knowledge frontiers have not percolated back to transform the fundamental models that nearly all economists deploy to manage their thoughts regarding the global economy (Blecker, 2001, p 1-3). Europes Dilemna After years of economic austerity and stringent monetary policies, economies across Europe have definitely reached a turning point in their economic development regarding downsizing of the public sector, sluggish growth of per capita incomes, mounting unemployment, job insecurity along with the surfacing of disadvantaged economic subcultures in many such economies (McNutt, 1996). There is an acknowledged requirement to make heavy investments in a wide range of social sector programmes. This is needed to exploit the cluster economies entrenched in many economies. Economic theory does offer a few guidelines on the modus-operandi of the distribution of the proposed expenditure (McNutt, 1996). Endowment theories recommend that the expenditure be apportioned to the more prolific regions. Further, altruism theories advise that the expenditure be apportioned to the more underprivileged regions, whereas rent-seeking theories direct the flow of expenditures to groups that generate the maximum private benefit. On the other hand, unemployment subsists in European countries possibly because of the linkage of real wages to the cost of living. In such a case, trade liberalisation may offer a considerable stimulus to output and employment through lowering of living costs as also the reduced costs to the transnational corporation of employing labour (McNutt, 1996). Challenges for economists theorising of global capital markets The recent financial crisis compelled both economic policymakers and economists to reassess various basic issues. These issues present numerous challenges, of which the major three are as discussed below. The first challenge is to properly understand the root causes that led to the financial crisis and how to avert their recurrence. The next challenge is to fix the damage caused to the public finances by the crisis. The third challenge concerns the necessity to draw the correct conclusions to enable economic analysis (Liikanen, 2010, p3-5). Accordingly, the primary challenge is to avert similar future crises. The financial crisis enlightened policymakers with many things. Possibly the most important were the holes in the knowledge base relating to systemic risks. The theory of systemic risk is not unknown as such, although the crisis exposed several fresh dimensions of systemic risk. Prior to the crisis, it was not comprehended how complex the links are amongst the global financial markets. It was also not known that a sufficiently extensive disruption could freeze the markets. Although the global financial markets did not give way in October-November 2008, yet it was so close that a similar risk could not be accepted any longer (Liikanen, 2010, p3-5). A fundamental dilemma in the present debate is the inability of economics to offer lucid guidance as to the kinds of instruments that could be deployed to execute this kind of stability policy. The conventional toolkit of monetary policy viz. money supply analysis and interest rate policy is well-established at the centre of the economics discipline. Yet, the integration of financial intermediation and financial markets with the consequent macroeconomic analysis is even today in its infancy. The appropriate approaches are yet to be established and this provides a distinct challenge for the economics discipline in the future years (Liikanen, 2010, p3-5). The second main economic policy challenge lies in the restoration of the crisis damages to public finances. Subsequent to the financial crisis and the consequential economic crisis, public finances have by and large deteriorated along with increased unemployment, which in some countries has risen quite sharply. The deterioration of general government finances partially reveals the results of various stimulus measures, financial system support and automatic stabilizers. Perhaps even more revealing is the fact that the fall in GDP levels has resulted in clear erosion in the public revenue base. The revenue base is estimated to stay smaller than earlier predicted for many countries. The reason for the smaller revenue base is the estimated reduction of their output potential due to the crisis (Liikanen, 2010, p3-5). The third challenge concerns fundamental issues in economics. Paul Krugman, the acknowledged economist, queried last year appropriately in his already admired column: How did economists get it so wrong? Krugmans fundamental argument lay in the economics profession having gone astray. The fascination for analytical elegance and mathematical acrobatics had locked economics into an ivory tower of frictionless markets and rational economic agents while marginalising attempts to understand the economy as it actually is(Liikanen, 2010, p3-5). Globalisation, Technological Revolution, and the Restructuring of Capitalism Globalisation encompasses both capitalist markets as well as sets of social relations. It also involves flows of capital, commodities, technology, forms of culture, ideas and people across geographical national boundaries through a global networked society. The metamorphosis of both capital and technology functioning together now continues to construct a new interrelated and globalised world (Kellner, 2009, p2-3). A technological revolution concerning the formation of a computerised network of transportation, communication and exchange is the premise of a globalized economy. This co-exists with the expansion of a global capitalist market system which is attracting ever more areas of the world along with different spheres of production, consumption and exchange into its orbit. The technological revolution presumes global computerised networks along with the open movement of information, goods, people and services across national boundaries (Kellner, 2009, p2-3). From this viewpoint, globalisation cannot be comprehended without appreciating the technological and scientific revolutions as also the global capital restructuring which form the matrix and motor of globalisation. Many globalisation theorists, nonetheless, fail on either of the following two counts. They either fail to detect the basic importance of technological and scientific revolution along with the novel technologies that help initiate globalization; else they infer the process via a technological determinist structure that blocks the economic aspects of the institutions and imperatives of capitalism (Kellner, 2009, p2-3). Such biased economists fail to appreciate the co-evolution of capitalism, science and technology. They also fail to appreciate the highly ambiguous and complex system of globalisation that unites capitalism with democracy as well as technological mutations with a further turbulent mix of costs, losses, gains and benefits (Kellner, 2009, p2-3). In this context, economists can be considered to be singularly unqualified to assess the theorising of modern global capital markets based on the above paradigm and evolutionary shifts in the deployment of economic resources. Conclusions It is evident from the foregoing discussion that the vigorous current debate on the global capital markets and its attendant crises cycles has again provoked a reassessment of the prevalent economic theories and their weaknesses. The global capital markets have transformed radically during the twentieth century, especially in the last four decades. To address this transformation, economists have propounded various theories, largely unsuccessfully, to rationalise and explain the tectonic changes. It is evident that contemporary developments concerning capital, technology, knowledge, science and other economic resources deployment have not percolated back to improve the weak economic models that are used to fashion a large part of contemporary economic thinking. Economic analysis has now been reduced to forecasting. It is apparent that the economic profession has failed in its primary function of assessing and managing the integrated and globalised capital market economies, primarily due to inherent limitations in its economic theories. To understand todays integrated and seamless global capital markets, economists need to take a holistic global view on the evolution across all economic, political, scientific and technological advancements worldwide. Economic theories will need to address all the relevant challenges to avert future capital market crises. This analysis has particularly exposed that it is impossible to foretell econometrically regarding circumstances wherein current institutions will operate, based on reasons that are predicted under old institutions. Therefore, economists ideas of perfect capital markets are unable to aid the theorising of contemporary global capital markets. References Blecker, R.A., 2001. Financial globalization, exchange rates and international trade, Paper prepared for the conference on Financialization of the Global Economy, Political Economy Research Institute (PERI), University of Massachusetts, Available at: http://www.peri.umass.edu/fileadmin/pdf/financial/fin_Blecker.pdf (accessed November 16, 2010). Bryer, R.A., 1994. Why Marxs Labour Theory is Superior to the Marginalist Theory of Value: The Case From Modern Financial Reporting, Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 5(4), 313-340. Bryer, R.A., 1999. A Marxist Critique of the FASBs Conceptual Framework, Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 10(5), 551-589. Bryer, R.A., 2000a. The History of Accounting and the Transition to Capitalism in England- Part One: Theory, Accounting Organizations and Society, 25(2), 131- 162. Bryer, R.A., 2000b. The History of Accounting and the Transition to Capitalism England Part Two: The Evidence, Accounting Organizations and Society, 25(4/5), 327-381. Bryer, R.A., 2004. The roots of modern capitalism: a Marxist accounting history of the origins and consequences of capitalist Landlords in England, The Accounting HistoriansJournal (Vol.31, No.1, June 2004), pp.1-56. Kellner, D., 2009. Theorizing Globalization, Available at: http://gseis.ucla.edu/faculty/kellner/essays/theorizingglobalization.pdf (accessed November 17, 2010). Liikanen, E., 2010. Economic policy and economic theory facing challenges after the financial crisis, Speech by Mr Erkki Liikanen, Governor of the Bank of Finland, at the Finnish Economic Association annual meeting, Tampere University, Tampere, 5 February 2010, BIS Review 23/2010. McNutt, P.,1996. The essence of global political economy, European Business Review Volume 96 Number 5 1996, pp. 4-12. Owen, A.S., 2005. Literature review on political economy of accounting. Owen, A. S., 2009. Bryers investor capitalism approach. Ppt presentation of Bryers (1993) The Late Nineteenth-Century Revolution in Financial Reporting: Accounting for the Rise of Investor or Managerial Capitalism? Published in Accounting, Organizations and Society Vol.18 No.78 p.649-690. Owen, A.S.2009a. The law of one price in finance. Owen, A.S., 2010. Classical mode of theorising: methodology for business, management finance. Toporowski, J., 2000. The End of Finance: The Theory of Capital Market Inflation, Financial Derivavtives and Pension Fund Capitalism, London: Routledge. Toporowski, J., 2002. Mathematics as Natural Law: An Epistemological Critique of Formalism in Economics, in S.C. Dow, M. Desai and P. Arestis (eds.) Methodology, Macroeconomics and Keynes, Essays in Honour of Victoria Chick Volume Two London: Routledge. Toporowski, J., 2003. Finance and Political Economy, Paper presented at the Economics for the Future Conference, Cambridge 17-19 September 2003.

Child Abuse and Neglect Essay -- Child Maltreatment

â€Å"The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act† states’ that â€Å"child abuse is the leading cause of death in children under the age of eighteen.† Child abuse occurs when adults inflict violence and cruelty upon children. Abuse is any willful act that results in physical, mental, or sexual injury that causes or is likely to cause the child to be physically, mental, or emotionally impaired. Abuse happens to children of any age, sex, race, religion, and social status.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many different types of child abuse. There is maltreatment and sexual abuse. Maltreatment is an area that encompasses many different things, such as physical abuse, child neglect, and emotional abuse. Physical abuse may begin with â€Å"shaken – baby syndrome† and escalate to routine spanking, stabbing, punching, hitting, beating, biting, burning, and any other thing that harms a child. The adult doing this may not intend to cause harm, but it is still abuse. Physical abuse may lead to brain damage, disfigurement, blindness, and even death. An average of 5.5 children per 10,000 enrolled in a day care are sexually abused. In the United States more than 125,000 children suffer injuries intentionally inflicted by their caretaker, and between 2,000 and 5,000 of these children die as a result of their injuries. In 1994 3.4 million cases of child abuse were reported. Child neglect is when a caregiver fails to give a child the care, and the supervision they need to stay physically and mentally healthy. Child neglect is when parents or the caregivers fail to provide for the children’s basic needs such as clothing, food, shelter, and so on. Child neglect takes many forms such as physical, educational, and emotional neglect. Physical neglect can be seen as a refusal or delay to provide medical attention to a child. If an infant or child is not bathed or kept clean, this is physical neglect. Abandonment, kicking a minor out of the house, lack of parental supervision, leaving the child unattended, or not allowing a runaway to return home may also be seen as physical neglect. Educational neglect includes allowing your child to become truant, not enrolling them in school, or depriving them of special education classes if they need it. Along with their physical needs, children also have emotional needs. All children should have a safe and stable ho me environment where they are loved and nurture... ...; a teen line for kids age 11 – 19; a crisis information – referral center for adults age 18 and older; and the last part is the information center, which gives out general information on child abuse. Each section is staffed by Certified Crisis Specialists that have gone through extensive training. ICAN can be found online, where you can access information submitted by professionals. Corrine A. Fraund and Sue A. Meier founded ICAN. Because they are a non – profit organization any donations would be greatly appreciated and used. For further information you can call 1-888 224-4226 or send a donation to: International Child Abuse Network Yes ICAN 7657 Winnetka Avenue #155 Canoga Park, CA 91306-2677 References Bierker, Susan B. About Sexual Abuse. Springfield, Ill.: C.C. Thomas, 1989. Calam, Rachel. Child Abuse and its consequences: observational approaches. Cambridge, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press, 1987. Hopper, Jim, Ph.D. Child Abuse: Statistics, Research, and Resources. http: www.jimhopper.com/abstats/ Martina, Harold P. The Abused Child: a multidisciplinary approach to developmental issues and treatment. Cambridge, Mass.: Ballinger Pub. Co., 1976.

An Analysis of ?The Life and Murder Trial of Xwelas, a S?Klallam Woman :: essays research papers fc

Walking next to his father through the woods on a cool winter day, young Mason hears the sound of a bullet entering his father’s body. As he looks ahead, he sees his mother, Xwelas, lower a shotgun. In the essay The Life and Murder Trial of Xwelas, a S’Klallam Woman, Coll-Peter Thrush and Robert H. Keller, Jr. recall the events before, during, and after the murder of George Phillips, a Welsh immigrant killed by his native wife. Xwelas’ the life before the murder, the actions which provoked Phillips’ death, and how the trial was influenced all help to describe the unusual history that took place in the seventeenth century.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Xwelas’ had an unstable past that may have contributed to the anger toward George Phillips. In the mid-1800’s, there were several reasons that it was important to marry a person of a different race. â€Å"†¦The threat of slavery, depopulation due to disease, and the breakdown of traditional ways, could have encouraged a young Indian woman to seek relative refuge in marriage with a white man, miles from her home (272).† Xwelas married a man named Edmund Clare Fitzhugh, a native of Virginia who practiced law. After giving birth to two sons, Mason a Julius, Edmund found that home life was dull. He suddenly left for Seattle, leaving Xwelas to herself. However, she married William King Lear, an immigrant from Alabama. After bearing his son, Lear abandoned his family after learning that a relative died. He did not return for more than twenty years. Finally, Xwelas found a common laborer, much less of a public figure than her last two husbands. The authors of the essay write: â€Å"†¦As a forty-year-old woman with three children fathered by two different men, Xwelas may have been considered ‘used merchandise’ by potential white suitors and by tribal leaders looking for strategic marriage alliances. Or perhaps there may have been a romantic attraction between Xwelas and [Phillips]. For whatever reasons, Xwelas married George Phillips on 9 February 1878.† (273) Xwelas’ marriage to Phillips seems to have been the worst of her three marriages. Several accounts describe his alcoholism and violent rages. His beatings of Xwelas often drew the attention of neighbors, however, she sometimes tried to fight back, using weapons such as oars. By Christmas of 1878, she was pregnant with her fourth child. The rocky relationship status between Xwelas and George Phillips provoked the fatal events on Christmas Day.

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cting the country, the Philippines do have the potential to become a developed country. An issue that is affecting the country’s progress towards development is education. The Philippines is the only remaining Asian nation in the world putting the 10-year cycle of basic education in effect. The Department of Education was pushing for the implementation of the K-12 program to finally take effect in the Philippines. Seventy percent of the country’s unemployed citizens are high school graduates. To improve the education of the people in the Philippines, President Benigno Aquino has formally signed the law extending the basic education curriculum in the country (Al Nisr Publishing LLC). The President signed the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2012, or the K to 12 Basic Education Program, a scheme that took at least five years to finally implement (Al Nisr Publishing LLC). Aquino believe that the K to 12 program will make way for a brighter future for young Filipinos by equipping them with basic education up to international standards. Another issue affecting the country’s progress towards becoming a developed country is the natural disasters within the country. The most recent typhoon that has taken place in the Philippines, Typhoon Haiyan, is said to have killed more than 10,000 people. However, there have been other natural disasters that have also left startling devastation in the Philippines prior. There has been at least ten other natural disasters in the last decade that have also left high death tolls. For example, on December 3, 2012, Typhoon Bopha smashed into the main southern island of Mindanao, Philippines. The region suffered roughly 1,900 people dead or missing. Another example of this was on February 17, 2006 when an e... ...r in the Philippines, but sea levels have also risen by half an inch in the past ten to twenty years, faster than the worldwide average (The Washington Post). In 2009, some of the world's developed countries pledged $30 billion in climate aid, which would rise over time. However, a recent report from Oxfam found that most developed countries have yet to make any concrete plans to follow through (The Washington Post). Another issue in the Philippines is malnutrition and hunger. Malnutrition among children has not changed much over the past 10 years, making it very unlikely for the country to meet the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) of eliminating poverty and extreme hunger by 2015 (Inquirer). Families who do not get the 100 percent dietary energy requirement even increased from 57 percent of the population in 2003 to 66.9 percent in 2008, the survey said (Inquirer).

Police Monitoring Of Social Networking Activities

My opinion about social network, is that it is a place where you can chat and have fun whit your friends. It has begun to be a place where people compete with each other to radiate their perfect life. People put picture, video etc. up on Facebook, in the hope for â€Å"likes† and lovely comments. I think it is okay when people are writing and boosting pictures about themselves. When people begun to exhibit other by posting pictures and video of them, is grotesque because they just do it because of get success.In my opinion, people should not think about posting pictures or videos of people they don’t know. If people think that their videos or pictures are for the benefit of police then send them a mail rather than share it with the whole world. It is the police job to catch the criminals; not the young’s. To my mind is it extremely disrespectful to exhibit the rough; they have it difficult enough already. The rough have often not learnt about the right and wrong things in their life, they just want to be seen.Some people think they are cool, when they post picture of their crime at the social media, but in the end they are shoot oneself in the foot. The police is upgraded and they are watch over the social media. Some people think that it is unpleasant to know that the police are watch oneself. As I see it, it’s a good idea because it helps the police to catch the criminals. It is mostly the rough how don’t like this electronic surveillance because they are scared to be arrested. In my opinion it is okay that they police use electronic surveillance, if it helps them to minimize the number of criminal activities.

People money markets

After a few years of using the fiat system, the country of Monolayer decides to review Its monetary Institutions. Its economy has been quite volatile. Inflation has been high and the currency has depreciated. All this has caused foreign investment to drop dramatically. Currently, its central bankers are elected every two years. The country is considering a gold standard versus an independent central bank. What's the best way to go? Why? Answer: Monoplane's should consider Independent central bank over the gold standard.In the long run, the Independent central bank will be most suitable for a country with a volatile economy. It has certain advantages over the gold standard. Individuals have more certainty in the Central Bank; thus this serves to decrease Inflationary expectations. This makes Inflation low and steady. Another reason to keep Central banks independent from government In that governments have a tendency to settle on poor choices about fiscal strategy. Specifically when th ere is a tendency to be impacted by political contemplations.Therefore, when central bank Is independent such ulterior motives of government officials have no Impact on a country's economic state. Typically before elections, governments are enticed to cut interest rates. This expands investment development, diminishes unemployment and increments the political back of the gathering. On the other hand, this expansionary monetary policy might prompt inflation and blast and bust economic cycles. Therefore, It Is better to take financial approach out of government's hand so they are not able to play with a counters economy for their arsenal gains.Another reason to choose Independent central bank over gold standard is that gold standard limits the economic growth. Therefore, the country should continue to have fiat system with Independent central bank. Q. You're running the central bank off country called Cazenovia. The central bank that you lead is not Independent. So whenever the Prime Minister calls you to suggest that something be done, you obey. The Prime Minister calls you one day complaining that the currency is too high. Apparently, exporters are concerned thatScandinavia high currency rate is making them lose business abroad. What could you do as a central banker to get the currency to decline? Answer: As a banker, there are several possibilities to cause the currency value to depreciate and still keep the economy strong. Interest rates and currency exchange rates are correlated. To get the currency of Conclave to decline, it is required by the central bank to decrease lending rates. Another way Is to devalue the currency. By making It cheaper for the outside world to buy our goods and services at a lesser value than for the holders ofConvivial currency to purchase foreign goods and services. This will maintain the interest of foreign investors in our economy and they will pour more money into the economy. The exporters can keep make profits abroad. Further more, central banks can directly Increase the supply of money on the foreign exchange markets. It can 1 OFF This will increase the supply of Convivial money on the foreign exchange market, and decrease the supply of foreign currency, causing a depreciation in the value of the our currency.

Social Change

Sociology and Social change are not words that the average person thinks about on a daily basis. However, these are definitely two areas that effect society on a regularly. Chapter one of the textbook discusses these subjects. This chapter gives a detailed view of the kinds of change, levels of change, and causes of change. Although these are not things that are pondered upon, the information outlined in chapter one helps clarify why and how things change. It can be extremely difficult to read about or research a topic and not know exactly what it is.The first thing chapter one does is defines social change. The textbook’s definition of social change is â€Å"the significant alteration of social structure and cultural patterns through time. † In other words, it’s when there has been a big enough change in society and its actions over time to make an impact. This section also breaks down social structure as the interactions between people and groups that have beco me predictable. After explaining specifically what social change is, the chapter then goes into more detail.The next thing that it talks about is the kinds of change. There are five different kinds of change. The first is changes in personnel. This is the change where different individuals with their own unique pasts are constantly moving throughout social structures. Next is change in the way parts of the structure relate. This kind of change deals with the relationship roles, especially those in the family setting. The third kinds of change are changes in the function of the structures. This change is how and what is contributed to society.Although an establishment is created to fulfill one particular need, it may very well adapt to assist with additional needs. Fourth, the next kinds of change are the changes in relationships between different structures. This is how certain organization may adapt over time to fulfill the needs of society at the time. Lastly, there is the emergen ce of new structures. The next section discusses the levels of change. There are three levels discussed in this section; micro, macro, and societal.Micro level of change is the level of change that focuses on individuals and things that are of everyday concern to people. Macro level of change deals with society as a whole and how decisions are possibly formulated in society. Societal level of change is the changes that happen within the urbanized society. These changes take longer to occur and mostly affect choices between women and men, and marriage ideals. The section immediately following talks briefly about time frames of change.This segment gives a synopsis of short term and long term change. Short term change is normally more noticeable and obvious. Long term change is oftentimes harder to recognize and has a larger influence. The last big section of this chapter talks about the causes of change. This portion starts off by identifying the difference in consequences and change. It clarifies that there is a difference but also states that there is a correlation. The next cause of change can be external or internal. These are also known as exogenous and endogenous.External causes, as one assumes, are those beyond the control of one’s own power. Technology would be an example of external cause. Internal causes are those factors that happen naturally without any influence from outside forces. This section discussed three internal causes in particular. Those causes were the gap between the ideas that we share as society and the actual practices of society, the difference in what every individual learns and picks up in socialization, and the difference in the way individuals take on social roles and how they define them.Chapter one is a great introductory chapter to social change. Chapter one is a great way to start this textbook off in showing the world of sociology. Not only does it explain what social change is, it gives exact reasons as to why. From the kinds of change, to the time frame of change, it is all relevant as to why society has reached its current culture. As well as why we are the people of society and how our actions have evolved over time.

Peanut Allergies

Peanut Allergies What is a peanut allergy? A peanut allergy is a reaction that involves our body’s  immune system. When we have a peanut allergy our immune system thinks that the peanut proteins are harmful and fight against it to protect our body. Peanuts are one of the nine most common  food allergens  in Canada. The other eight are: wheat, tree nuts (such as almonds, Brazil nuts, cashews, hazelnuts, macadamia nuts, pecans, pine nuts, pistachio nuts, and walnuts), sesame seeds, milk, eggs, seafood, soy, and sulphites (a food additive).Causes of peanut allergies: * Hereditary * Breast-feeding; But new evidence shows that when a mother eats peanuts, the peanut proteins flow into breast-milk and cause infants to develop the allergy antibodies, as well. * Direct contact. The most common cause of peanut allergy is eating peanuts or peanut-containing foods. * Cross-contact. This is the unintended introduction of peanuts into a product. It's generally the result of a food bei ng exposed to peanuts during processing or handling. * Inhalation.An allergic reaction may occur if you inhale dust or aerosols containing peanuts, such as that of peanut flour or peanut oil cooking spray. The most popular cause of peanut allergy is called the â€Å"hygiene hypothesis,† which says that people are just too clean these days. The result of the super-germ-free lives we lead and our readiness to treat infection with antibiotics is that our bodies don't know how to handle certain innocent proteins such as peanuts. Foods that causes the illness: * Peanuts and peanut products. * Tree nuts and their products. * Food that are exposed to peanuts.What are the signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction? An allergic reaction to peanuts can happen within minutes or up to several hours after eating foods containing peanuts. Symptoms vary from person to person, and may progress from mild to severe. Mild allergic reaction: * flushed face and body * itchy eyes, nose, face and s kin * tingling, numbness or pain in the lips and tongue Moderate to severe signs and symptoms * swelling of the eyes, face, lips, throat and tongue * hives * cramps, diarrhoea, vomiting * wheezing, coughing * weakness, dizziness * anxiety, distress, sense of fear and doomThere are some symptoms of the most serious form of peanut allergies called  anaphylaxis; which are very deadly and life-threatening. When a person is experiencing anaphylaxis reaction, he/she may have difficulty in talking swallowing and even breathing! Scientists have identified 19 peanut proteins–that can trigger anaphylaxis. It works this way: those with the allergy develop specific antibodies, known as IgE antibodies, which react to the peanut proteins. This triggers the release of histamine and other chemicals which cause facial swelling, and constrict the lungs airways and throat making it difficult to breathe.Without a shot of adrenaline, the reaction can cause death. Why is this an important issue that everyone should know about? This is an important issue that everyone should know about because comparing to 1980s the rate of people with peanut allergies has been reported to have increased by 95%. Although there are no hard statistics in Canada, most agree the allergy is on the rise. According to The Food Allergy & Anaphylaxis Network, Peanut allergy causes an estimated 15,000 emergency room visits each year and nearly 100 deaths. Safety precautions: . The safest way to avoid a peanut related reaction is to avoid all food and products that contain or may contain peanuts. 2. Other than that, create a plan for how to handle a reaction, just in case one occurs, and tell your friends, family, coaches, and teachers at school about your allergy 3. Always keep a shot of epinephrine, a hormone that controls anaphylaxis reactions. 4. Tell the server in a restaurant about your allergy so that he or she can steer you away from dishes that contain nuts. 5. Always read the ingredients lis t to be safe.

MGMT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MGMT - Assignment Example The rule further helps to clarify that small retail business are not part of this rule which means that they are not affected by it. This regulation will affect my business in terms of accessing government procurement programs as well as obtaining financial support (Regulations.gov, para-1). The regulation try to define what is a small business as a sized standard and include all its branches. This proposal was put forth to provide clarity on the category of each operating business that has employees. It further provides the basis of whether a business qualifies for acquiring government procurement contract. I am against the proposed regulation because it has limited applicability in the actual situation. It fails to recognise other business such as retail trade enterprises as part of small business. Further, it represents just the opposite by stating that a small business is a standard sized business including its subsidiaries. One my comment has been submitted and acceptable my business will be able to fall under the definition of small business as explained by the small business administration. This will further make my business to qualify for government contracts and financial assistance. Regulations.gov.Small Business Size Standards: Industries with Employee Based Size Standards Not Part of Manufacturing, Wholesale Trade, or Retail Trade.Web.14.09.014 :< http://ww

LEGAL ASPECTS OF NURSING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

LEGAL ASPECTS OF NURSING - Essay Example The reason being, prior to Mr. Abraham’s death, was a drunkard’s life. One who frequented the emergency room with similar cases of injury because of drunken behavior. On the other hand, all previous cases, and scenarios involving his admission to the same health facility, had ended positively (Sloan, 2008). In this particular incident, Mr. Abraham engages in merry making that result to drunken behavior bringing about physical energy to him. Upon admission to his one favorite health facility for treatment, his drunken mood takes the better of him and causes him to be uncooperative at the institution. This forces the management to take extra caution while dealing with him, and with this, Mr. Abraham was restrained to keep still and ensure his own safety. Taking the safety measures to another level, the management results to restraining the patient, Mr. Abraham, onto a bed, with vest restraints too, minimizing the risk of any fatalities. Unfortunately, for the patient, he is later found lying dead on the floor beside the bed, with no certain explanation of what had transpired (Sloan, 2008). In view of the above scenario, there lies one main question. To whom did the blame of his sudden death lie? On the institutions side, and in their own defense, there lied vivid evidence of their well-intended will and measures, which they had taken to protect Mr. Abraham from himself. This is whereby the principles of patient protection come in. The firm goes out of its way to ensure that Mr. Abraham, due to his trends and behavior was guaranteed extra safety. This including restrictive vestments that would inhibit him from inflicting injury to himself (Sloan, 2008). Patient protection is evident throughout the scenario, since the instance whereby the patient was received to the facility, immediate attention was accorded to him. Further restraining and protection followed suit, to the instance of his passing away. It is evident, as the health institution put into consideration the patient’s current state, as well as the reputation they had of him due to previous encounters, making sure, that he would be in the safest state possible, despite his drunk condition that was likely to cause him self-harm (Sloan, 2008). The fact that the situation resulted to a deadly end, made true the fact that there lied room for further improvement, upon the safety measures taken by the health facilities to facilitate Mr. Abrahams security. One of the measures likely to ensure this was to assign a specific nurse or any relative employee to ensure that Mr. Abraham had someone to keep an eye on him at all time, up to the moment when he would regain sobriety. If this would have been the case, then the instance of Mr. Abraham being found lifeless on the floor would have been avoided, as there would have been a party, monitoring his every move at all time. More to the scenario is the question of whether there lied greater duty on Mr. Abraham’s side, fr om an ethical perspective. Research on ethical practice of individuals in within the community reveals that, the victim had a greater role to play, ethically, before the sudden occurrence took place. This is in that, was it not for Mr. Abrahams careless and irresponsible drinking habits, the situation would have never come to what it was. If at all the victim practiced moderate drinking, not stretching it beyond reason, the fight that led to his injury would not have